Electromagnetic fields and interactions, vol. I-Electromagnetic theory and relativity, vol. II-Quantum theory of atoms and radiation

1965 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 766-766
Author(s):  
P. Diament
Author(s):  
Iosif L. Buchbinder ◽  
Ilya L. Shapiro

This chapter discusses canonical quantization in field theory and shows how the notion of a particle arises within the framework of the concept of a field. Canonical quantization is the process of constructing a quantum theory on the basis of a classical theory. The chapter briefly considers the main elements of this procedure, starting from its simplest version in classical mechanics. It first describes the general principles of canonical quantization and then provides concrete examples. The examples include the canonical quantization of free real scalar fields, free complex scalar fields, free spinor fields and free electromagnetic fields.


1. During 1933 two papers with the above title, the one by Schott and the other by Fock, were published. Schott in his paper criticizes the usual procedure adopted in the Quantum Theory for the estimation of the intensities of a spectrum line according to the classical formula of Hertz, viz.., 2 p ..2 /3 c 3 , where p is the electric moment of the distribution producing the spectrum line, which necessarily assumes that the distribution can be concentrated in a dipole of the same moment p. In view of this criticism he develops a more rigorous method for calculating the electromagnetic fields due to variable electric charges. His method is based upon Maxwell's theory, as represented by his elctromagnetic equations and their solutions in terms of the classical retarded potential integrals and no initial assumptions are made respecting the spatial extent or the rate of variation of the electric distributions considered.


Author(s):  
Hans G. Schantz

Conventional definitions of ‘near fields’ set bounds that describe where near fields may be found. These definitions tell us nothing about what near fields are, why they exist or how they work. In 1893, Heaviside derived the electromagnetic energy velocity for plane waves. Subsequent work demonstrated that although energy moves in synchronicity with radiated electromagnetic fields at the speed of light, in reactive fields the energy velocity slows down, converging to zero in the case of static fields. Combining Heaviside's energy velocity relation with the field Lagrangian yields a simple parametrization for the reactivity of electromagnetic fields that provides profound insights to the behaviour of electromagnetic systems. Fields guide energy. As waves interfere, they guide energy along paths that may be substantially different from the trajectories of the waves themselves. The results of this paper not only resolve the long-standing paradox of runaway acceleration from radiation reaction, but also make clear that pilot wave theory is the natural and logical consequence of the need for quantum mechanics correspond to the macroscopic results of the classical electromagnetic theory. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Celebrating 125 years of Oliver Heaviside's ‘Electromagnetic Theory’’.


2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Lewandowski ◽  
Mohammad Nouri-Zonoz ◽  
Ali Parvizi ◽  
Yaser Tavakoli

In a recent paper under the same title, G. A. Schott finds that the usual method of calculating the intensities of spectrum lines is liable to lead to gross errors. Although one would expect from general reasons that any improvement of the usual method would only lead to small corrections and that, therefore, Schott’s conclusion cannot be free from error, it may not be devoid of interest to show that a correct calculation starting with Schott’s formulæ leads, in contradiction to Schott’s conclusion, to the generally accepted classical result. The aim of Schott’s calculations is to obtain a quantum mechanical expression for the energy radiated by an atom, which is classically given by R=2/3C 3 {р(t-r/c)} 2 , (1) p( t ) being the electric moment of a dipole representing the atom. Schott considers the special case of a hydrogen atom emitting a radiation corresponding to a transition from the centrosymmetrical state 1 =A f (r) (2)


2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (09) ◽  
pp. 541-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. OLIVEIRA

We study the influence of the gravitational field of Friedmann geometries upon an electromagnetic potential, through the Proca electromagnetic theory in a Dirac æther. The results are compared with those as foreseen by the Maxwellian theory in curved space–time. Our findings show that strong amplification effects of electromagnetic fields are a distinctive possibility. Thence we discuss some related topics.


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