Electric Field Distributions of Wearable Devices Using the Human Body as a Transmission Channel

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 2080-2087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuyuki Fujii ◽  
Masaharu Takahashi ◽  
Koichi Ito
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Transmission Channel ◽  
Field Distributions

scholarly journals Transmission Analysis in Human Body Communication for Head-Mounted Wearable Devices

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1213
Author(s):  
Dairoku Muramatsu ◽  
Ken Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Transmission Mechanism ◽  
Signal Frequency ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Transmission Characteristics ◽  
Field Distributions ◽  
Human Body Communication

As society ages, wireless body area networks (WBANs) are expected to increasingly improve the quality of life of the elderly and disabled. One promising WBAN technology is human body communication (HBC), which utilizes part of the human body as a transmission medium. Communication between head-mounted wearable devices, such as hearing aids, is a potential HBC application. To clarify the HBC transmission mechanism between head-mounted wearable devices, this study analyzes the input impedance characteristics of the transceiver electrodes, transmission characteristics, and electric field distributions around and through a detailed head model. The investigation was performed via an electromagnetic field simulation. The signal frequency had less effect on the transmission characteristics and electric field distributions at 10, 20, and 30 MHz. However, the transmission mechanism between the head-mounted wearable devices was influenced by the number of electrodes in the transceiver. Moreover, the transmission characteristics between two-electrode transceivers were improved by impedance matching. Finally, the availability of the proposed system was evaluated from power consumption and human safety perspectives.

scholarly journals Effect of Earth Ground and Environment on Body-Centric Communications in the MHz Band

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuyuki Fujii ◽  
Yasuyuki Okumura
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Closed Circuit ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Current Increase ◽  
The Earth

Body area network (BAN) research, which uses the human body as a transmission channel, has recently attracted considerable attention globally. Zimmerman first advocated the idea in 1995. Illustrations of the electric field streamlines around the human body and wearable devices with electrodes were drawn. In the pictures, the electrodes of the wearable devices constitute a closed circuit with the human body and the earth ground. However, analysis of the circuit has not been conducted. In this study, we model the human body shunted to earth ground in a radio anechoic chamber to analyze the electric field strength around it and clarify the effect of earth ground during BAN run time. The results suggest that earth ground has little influence on the human body and wearable devices. Only when the human body is directly grounded, the electric field near the feet area will decrease. The input impedance of the transmitter is approximately the same, and the received open-circuit voltage and current of the receiver are also the same. In addition, we elucidate that stable communications can be established by developing a closed circuit using earth ground as return path. When the external electronic devices and human body are shunted to earth ground, the received open-circuit voltage and current increase.

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