Near Field Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure of a Western Honey Bee

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
David Toribio ◽  
Wout Joseph ◽  
Arno Thielens
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Field Exposure

scholarly journals Comparison of Thermal Response for RF Exposure in Human and Rat Models

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachiko Kodera ◽  
Akimasa Hirata
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Time Constant ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Thermal Time ◽  
Temperature Elevation ◽  
Field Exposure ◽  
Rat Models ◽  
Thermal Time Constant

In the international guidelines/standards for human protection against electromagnetic fields, the specific absorption rate (SAR) is used as a metric for radio-frequency field exposure. For radio-frequency near-field exposure, the peak value of the SAR averaged over 10 g of tissue is treated as a surrogate of the local temperature elevation for frequencies up to 3–10 GHz. The limit of 10-g SAR is derived by extrapolating the thermal damage in animal experiments. However, no reports discussed the difference between the time constant of temperature elevation in small animals and humans for local exposure. This study computationally estimated the thermal time constants of temperature elevation in human head and rat models exposed to dipole antennas at 3–10 GHz. The peak temperature elevation in the human brain was lower than that in the rat model, mainly because of difference in depth from the scalp. Consequently, the thermal time constant of the rat brain was smaller than that of the human brain. Additionally, the thermal time constant in human skin decreased with increasing frequency, which was mainly characterized by the effective SAR volume, whereas it was almost frequency-independent in the human brain. These findings should be helpful for extrapolating animal studies to humans.

Comparison of personal radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure in different urban areas across Europe

2010 ◽  
Vol 110 (7) ◽  
pp. 658-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wout Joseph ◽  
Patrizia Frei ◽  
Martin Roösli ◽  
György Thuróczy ◽  
Peter Gajsek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Field Exposure

Effects of Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure on Sleep Quality: A Cross-Sectional Study

Epidemiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. S52
Author(s):  
Evelyn Mohler ◽  
Patrizia Frei ◽  
Alfred Bürgi ◽  
Georg Neubauer ◽  
Axel Hettich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Field Exposure ◽  
Cross Sectional

A prediction model for personal radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure

2009 ◽  
Vol 408 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Frei ◽  
Evelyn Mohler ◽  
Alfred Bürgi ◽  
Jürg Fröhlich ◽  
Georg Neubauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Field Exposure
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