Cortical Brain–Computer Interface for Closed-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation

Brain–computer interface (BCI) technology is moving from research to clinical practice. Devices that detect seizure patterns and provide preemptive neurostimulation are in clinical use, and significant advancements have been made in BCI-based control of neuroprosthetics and deep brain stimulation systems for treatment of movement disorders. The transition of BCI-based devices into regular clinical use raises ethical challenges for clinicians and patients. Clinicians have important responsibilities in the initial consent process for obtaining BCI devices and in the ongoing management or neuromodulation of patients with BCI-based devices. Rather than understanding neuromodulation as purely technical, it is argued in this chapter that neuromodulation is better thought of as assistive, and that rehabilitation medicine provides a useful framework for beginning to address the kinds of ethical challenges likely to emerge for neuromodulation in BCI medicine.

Download Full-text

Controlling our brains – a case study on the implications of brain-computer interface-triggered deep brain stimulation for essential tremor

Brain-Computer Interfaces ◽

10.1080/2326263x.2016.1207494 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 165-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Timothy Brown ◽

Margaret C. Thompson ◽

Jeffrey Herron ◽

Andrew Ko ◽

Howard Chizeck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Deep Brain Stimulation ◽

Essential Tremor ◽

Brain Stimulation ◽

Brain Computer Interface ◽

Computer Interface ◽

Deep Brain

Download Full-text

Closed-loop programming using external responses for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease

Parkinsonism & Related Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.01.023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 84 ◽

pp. 47-51

Author(s):

Fuyuko Sasaki ◽

Genko Oyama ◽

Satoko Sekimoto ◽

Maierdanjiang Nuermaimaiti ◽

Hirokazu Iwamuro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Deep Brain Stimulation ◽

Brain Stimulation ◽

Closed Loop ◽

Deep Brain

Download Full-text

Seizure Suppression Efficacy of Closed-Loop Versus Open-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation in a Rodent Model of Epilepsy

IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering ◽

10.1109/tnsre.2015.2498973 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 710-719 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

M. Tariqus Salam ◽

Jose Luis Perez Velazquez ◽

Roman Genov

Keyword(s):

Deep Brain Stimulation ◽

Brain Stimulation ◽

Closed Loop ◽

Open Loop ◽

Rodent Model ◽

Deep Brain ◽

Seizure Suppression

Download Full-text

Conceptualization and validation of an open-source closed-loop deep brain stimulation system in rat

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/srep09921 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Hemmings Wu ◽

Hartwin Ghekiere ◽

Dorien Beeckmans ◽

Tim Tambuyzer ◽

Kris van Kuyck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Deep Brain Stimulation ◽

Open Source ◽

Brain Stimulation ◽

Closed Loop ◽

Symptom Control ◽

Theta Oscillations ◽

Open Source Hardware ◽

Hippocampal Theta ◽

Deep Brain

Abstract Conventional deep brain stimulation (DBS) applies constant electrical stimulation to specific brain regions to treat neurological disorders. Closed-loop DBS with real-time feedback is gaining attention in recent years, after proved more effective than conventional DBS in terms of pathological symptom control clinically. Here we demonstrate the conceptualization and validation of a closed-loop DBS system using open-source hardware. We used hippocampal theta oscillations as system input and electrical stimulation in the mesencephalic reticular formation (mRt) as controller output. It is well documented that hippocampal theta oscillations are highly related to locomotion, while electrical stimulation in the mRt induces freezing. We used an Arduino open-source microcontroller between input and output sources. This allowed us to use hippocampal local field potentials (LFPs) to steer electrical stimulation in the mRt. Our results showed that closed-loop DBS significantly suppressed locomotion compared to no stimulation and required on average only 56% of the stimulation used in open-loop DBS to reach similar effects. The main advantages of open-source hardware include wide selection and availability, high customizability and affordability. Our open-source closed-loop DBS system is effective and warrants further research using open-source hardware for closed-loop neuromodulation.

Download Full-text