Quantifying direct vs. indirect effects of nectar robbers on male and female components of plant fitness

Abstract Background: glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a valid indicator for kidney function. Different factors can affect GFR. The purpose of this study is to assess direct and indirect effects of GFR-related factors using structural equation modeling.Patients and methods:We analyzed data from baseline phase of Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease cohort study. Data on socio-behavioral, nutritional, cardiovascular, and metabolic risk factors were entered in a conceptual model in order to test direct and indirect effects of factors related to GFR,separately in male and female, using the structural equation modeling.Results: Of 8927 individuals participated in this study, 4212 subjects were male (47.20%) and 4715 subjects were female (52.80%). The obtained mean and standard deviation of GFR was 76.05 (±14.31) per 1.73 . GFR for 0.2%, 11.3%, 73.0% and 15.50% of people were <30, , and , respectively. Hypertension and aging in both gender and atherogenic factor in male directly, and in female directly and indirectly had a lower effect on GFR. Blood urea nitrogen and smoking in male and female, directly or indirectly through other variables, were associated with a lower GFR. In female, diabetes had a lower direct and indirect effect on GFR. Obesity in female was directly associated with uper and indirectly associated with lower GFR.Conclusion: According to our results, aging, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and high lipid profile, and BUN had a decreasing direct and indirect effects on GFR. Although low GFR might have different reasons and it is not a consistent sign of CKD, our findings, are in line with other reports, provide more detailed informations about important risk factors of low GFR. Public awareness about such factors can improve public practice of positive health behaviours.

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Investigating Associated Factors with Glomerular Filtration Rate : Structural Equation Modeling

10.21203/rs.2.12954/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Parastoo Jamshidi ◽

Farid Najafi ◽

Shayan Mostafaee ◽

Ebrahem Shakiba ◽

yahya pasdar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽

Structural Equation Modeling ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Filtration Rate ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Direct And Indirect Effects ◽

Male And Female

Abstract Background: Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is a valid indicator for kidney function, both in healthy and diseased people. Different factors can affect GFR. The purpose of this study is to assess a causal model to show direct and indirect effects of GFR-related factors using structural equation modeling. Patients and methods : We analyzed data from recruitment phase of Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease cohort study. Data on socio-behavioral, nutritional, cardiovascular, and metabolic risk factors were entered in a conceptual model in order to test direct and indirect effects of the associated factors on GFR, separately in male and female, using the structural equation modeling. Results : Of 8927 individuals participated in this study, 4212 subjects were male (47.2%) and 4715 subjects were female (52.8%). The obtained standard deviation of GFR was 76.05 (±14.3) per 1.73 . Filtration rate for 11.52%, 72.96% and 15.50% of people were <60, and , respectively. Hypertension in both gender and atherogenic factor in male directly, and in female directly and indirectly had a decreasing effect on GFR. Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and smoking in male and female, directly or indirectly through other variables, was associated with a decrease in GFR. In female, diabetes had a decreasing direct and indirect effect on GFR. Obesity in female was directly associated with increasing and indirectly associated with decreasing filtration. Conclusion : According to our results, increasing age, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and high blood lipids, and BUN had a decreasing direct and indirect effects on GFR. Although low GFR might have different reasons and it is not a consistent sign of CKD, our findings, in line with other reports, provide more detailed informations about important risk factors of low GFR. Public awareness about such factors can improve public practice of positive health behaviours.

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DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF ALKALOIDS ON PLANT FITNESS VIA HERBIVORY AND POLLINATION

Ecology ◽

10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[2032:daieoa]2.0.co;2 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 82 (7) ◽

pp. 2032-2044 ◽

Cited By ~ 90

Author(s):

Lynn S. Adler ◽

Richard Karban ◽

Sharon Y. Strauss

Keyword(s):

Indirect Effects ◽

Plant Fitness ◽

Direct And Indirect Effects

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Investigating Associated Factors with Glomerular Filtration Rate : Structural Equation Modeling

10.21203/rs.2.12954/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Parastoo Jamshidi ◽

Farid Najafi ◽

Shayan Mostafaee ◽

Ebrahem Shakiba ◽

yahya pasdar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽

Structural Equation Modeling ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Filtration Rate ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Direct And Indirect Effects ◽

Male And Female

Abstract Background: Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is a valid indicator for kidney function, both in healthy and diseased people. Different factors can affect GFR. The purpose of this study is to assess a causal model to show direct and indirect effects of GFR-related factors using structural equation modeling. Patients and methods : We analyzed data from recruitment phase of Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease cohort study. Data on socio-behavioral, nutritional, cardiovascular, and metabolic risk factors were entered in a conceptual model in order to test direct and indirect effects of the associated factors on GFR, separately in male and female, using the structural equation modeling. Results : Of 8927 individuals participated in this study, 4212 subjects were male (47.2%) and 4715 subjects were female (52.8%). The obtained standard deviation of GFR was 76.05 (±14.3) per 1.73 . Filtration rate for 11.52%, 72.96% and 15.50% of people were <60, and , respectively. Hypertension in both gender and atherogenic factor in male directly, and in female directly and indirectly had a decreasing effect on GFR. Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and smoking in male and female, directly or indirectly through other variables, was associated with a decrease in GFR. In female, diabetes had a decreasing direct and indirect effect on GFR. Obesity in female was directly associated with increasing and indirectly associated with decreasing filtration. Conclusion : According to our results, increasing age, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and high blood lipids, and BUN had a decreasing direct and indirect effects on GFR. Although low GFR might have different reasons and it is not a consistent sign of CKD, our findings, in line with other reports, provide more detailed informations about important risk factors of low GFR. Public awareness about such factors can improve public practice of positive health behaviours.

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Investigating Associated Factors with Glomerular Filtration Rate : Structural Equation Modeling

10.21203/rs.2.12954/v3 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Parastoo Jamshidi ◽

Farid Najafi ◽

Shayan Mostafaee ◽

Ebrahem Shakiba ◽

yahya pasdar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽

Glomerular Filtration ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Filtration Rate ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Direct And Indirect Effects ◽

Baseline Phase ◽

Male And Female

Abstract Background: glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a valid indicator for kidney function. Different factors can affect GFR. The purpose of this study is to assess direct and indirect effects of GFR-related factors using structural equation modeling.Patients and methods:We analyzed data from baseline phase of Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease cohort study. Data on socio-behavioral, nutritional, cardiovascular, and metabolic risk factors were entered in a conceptual model in order to test direct and indirect effects of factors related to GFR,separately in male and female, using the structural equation modeling.Results: Of 8927 individuals participated in this study, 4212 subjects were male (47.20%) and 4715 subjects were female (52.80%). The obtained mean and standard deviation of GFR was 76.05 (±14.31) per 1.73 . GFR for 0.2%, 11.3%, 73.0% and 15.50% of people were <30, , and , respectively. Hypertension and aging in both gender and atherogenic factor in male directly, and in female directly and indirectly had a lower effect on GFR. Blood urea nitrogen and smoking in male and female, directly or indirectly through other variables, were associated with a lower GFR. In female, diabetes had a lower direct and indirect effect on GFR. Obesity in female was directly associated with uper and indirectly associated with lower GFR.Conclusion: According to our results, aging, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and high lipid profile, and BUN had a decreasing direct and indirect effects on GFR. Although low GFR might have different reasons and it is not a consistent sign of CKD, our findings, are in line with other reports, provide more detailed informations about important risk factors of low GFR. Public awareness about such factors can improve public practice of positive health behaviours.

Download Full-text