Microbial diversity through an oceanographic lens: refining the concept of ocean provinces through trophic‐level analysis and productivity‐specific length scales

We study thermodynamically the behaviour of PdSe2 while subjected to high pressure under isothermal conditions. The present paper continues the study started in [1]. Here we present the results of the axial calculations and analyses. Specific lengths, linear adjusted Gibbs free energy changes and linear adjusted entropy generations were studied along each spatial axis separately. We found that the first-order transition from PdS2 structure type to pyrite one at 20oC is accompanied by saltatory contraction of a and b specific lengths and respective saltatory expansion of c specific length. Under 300oC all specific lengths contract saltatory. In the transition point under 20oC PdSe2 gains saltatory stability along a and b axis and looses along c one, respectively. Besides, the loose along c axis is bigger than the gains along a and b ones. Under 300oC the transition is accompanied by slight gain of stability along all three spatial axes. Plateaux duration affects the stability of PdSe2 strongly under higher temperature.

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Toward an Understanding of Changes in Diversity Associated with Fecal Microbiome Transplantation Based on 16S rRNA Gene Deep Sequencing

mBio ◽

10.1128/mbio.00338-12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 110

Author(s):

Dea Shahinas ◽

Michael Silverman ◽

Taylor Sittler ◽

Charles Chiu ◽

Peter Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clostridium Difficile ◽

16S Rrna ◽

16S Rrna Gene ◽

Microbial Diversity ◽

Deep Sequencing ◽

Species Level ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Content Type ◽

Fecal Microbiome ◽

Level Analysis

ABSTRACT Fecal microbiome transplantation by low-volume enema is an effective, safe, and inexpensive alternative to antibiotic therapy for patients with chronic relapsing Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). We explored the microbial diversity of pre- and posttransplant stool specimens from CDI patients (n = 6) using deep sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. While interindividual variability in microbiota change occurs with fecal transplantation and vancomycin exposure, in this pilot study we note that clinical cure of CDI is associated with an increase in diversity and richness. Genus- and species-level analysis may reveal a cocktail of microorganisms or products thereof that will ultimately be used as a probiotic to treat CDI. IMPORTANCE Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) due to Clostridium difficile is a widespread phenomenon in hospitals today. Despite the use of antibiotics, up to 30% of patients are unable to clear the infection and suffer recurrent bouts of diarrheal disease. As a result, clinicians have resorted to fecal microbiome transplantation (FT). Donor stool for this type of therapy is typically obtained from a spouse or close relative and thoroughly tested for various pathogenic microorganisms prior to infusion. Anecdotal reports suggest a very high success rate of FT in patients who fail antibiotic treatment (>90%). We used deep-sequencing technology to explore the human microbial diversity in patients with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) disease after FT. Genus- and species-level analysis revealed a cocktail of microorganisms in the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla that may ultimately be used as a probiotic to treat CDI.

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