Recommendations for Reporting Sample and Measurement Information in Experience Sampling Studies

Emotion differentiation, which involves experiencing and labeling emotions in a granular way, has been linked with well-being. It has been theorized that differentiating between emotions facilitates effective emotion regulation, but this link has yet to be comprehensively tested. In two experience-sampling studies, we examined how negative emotion differentiation was related to (a) the selection of emotion-regulation strategies and (b) the effectiveness of these strategies in downregulating negative emotion ( Ns = 200 and 101 participants and 34,660 and 6,282 measurements, respectively). Unexpectedly, we found few relationships between differentiation and the selection of putatively adaptive or maladaptive strategies. Instead, we found interactions between differentiation and strategies in predicting negative emotion. Among low differentiators, all strategies (Study 1) and four of six strategies (Study 2) were more strongly associated with increased negative emotion than they were among high differentiators. This suggests that low differentiation may hinder successful emotion regulation, which in turn supports the idea that effective regulation may underlie differentiation benefits.

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Capturing Affective Experiences using the SMS Experience Sampling (SMS-ES) method

International Journal of Market Research ◽

10.2501/ijmr-53-4-479-506 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 479-506 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Lynda Andrews ◽

Rebekah Russell Bennett ◽

Judy Drennan

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Experience Sampling ◽

Practical Implementation ◽

Short Message ◽

Quality Of Data ◽

Sampling Studies ◽

For Profit ◽

Affective Experiences ◽

Methodological Considerations ◽

Message System

This paper reports the feasibility and methodological considerations of using the Short Message System Experience Sampling (SMS-ES) method, which is an experience sampling research method developed to assist researchers to collect repeat measures of consumers' affective experiences. The method combines SMS with web-based technology in a simple yet effective way. It is described using a practical implementation study that collected consumers' emotions in response to using mobile phones in everyday situations. The method is further evaluated in terms of the quality of data collected in the study, as well as against the methodological considerations for experience sampling studies. These two evaluations suggest that the SMS-ES method is both a valid and reliable approach for collecting consumers' affective experiences. Moreover, the method can be applied across a range of for-profit and not-for-profit contexts where researchers want to capture repeated measures of consumers' affective experiences occurring over a period of time. The benefits of the method are discussed, to assist researchers who wish to apply the SMS-ES method in their own research designs.

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Measuring motivational relationship processes in experience sampling: A reliability model for moments, days, and persons nested in couples

Behavior Research Methods ◽

10.3758/s13428-021-01701-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Felix D. Schönbrodt ◽

Caroline Zygar-Hoffmann ◽

Steffen Nestler ◽

Sebastian Pusch ◽

Birk Hagemeyer

Keyword(s):

Variance Components ◽

Generalizability Theory ◽

Relative Proportion ◽

Experience Sampling ◽

Process Models ◽

Sampling Studies ◽

Reliable Assessment ◽

Relationship Processes ◽

Level Scale ◽

Variance Estimates

AbstractThe investigation of within-person process models, often done in experience sampling designs, requires a reliable assessment of within-person change. In this paper, we focus on dyadic intensive longitudinal designs where both partners of a couple are assessed multiple times each day across several days. We introduce a statistical model for variance decomposition based on generalizability theory (extending P. E. Shrout & S. P. Lane, 2012), which can estimate the relative proportion of variability on four hierarchical levels: moments within a day, days, persons, and couples. Based on these variance estimates, four reliability coefficients are derived: between-couples, between-persons, within-persons/between-days, and within-persons/between-moments. We apply the model to two dyadic intensive experience sampling studies (n1 = 130 persons, 5 surveys each day for 14 days, ≥ 7508 unique surveys; n2 = 508 persons, 5 surveys each day for 28 days, ≥ 47764 unique surveys). Five different scales in the domain of motivational processes and relationship quality were assessed with 2 to 5 items: State relationship satisfaction, communal motivation, and agentic motivation; the latter consists of two subscales, namely power and independence motivation. Largest variance components were on the level of persons, moments, couples, and days, where within-day variance was generally larger than between-day variance. Reliabilities ranged from .32 to .76 (couple level), .93 to .98 (person level), .61 to .88 (day level), and .28 to .72 (moment level). Scale intercorrelations reveal differential structures between and within persons, which has consequences for theory building and statistical modeling.

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Recalling Experiences: Looking at Momentary, Retrospective and Global Assessments of Relationship Satisfaction

Collabra Psychology ◽

10.1525/collabra.278 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Caroline Zygar-Hoffmann ◽

Felix D. Schönbrodt

Keyword(s):

Relationship Satisfaction ◽

Experience Sampling ◽

Global Evaluation ◽

Summary Statistics ◽

Recall Bias ◽

Sampling Studies ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

The Relationship ◽

Momentary State

Relationship satisfaction can be assessed in retrospection, as a global evaluation, or as a momentary state. In two experience sampling studies (N = 130, N = 510) the specificities of these assessment modalities are examined. We show that 1) compared to other summary statistics like the median, the mean of relationship satisfaction states describes retrospective and global evaluations best (but the difference to some other summary statistics was negligible); 2) retrospection introduces an overestimation of the average annoyance in the relationship reported on a momentary basis, which results in an overall negative mean-level bias for retrospective relationship satisfaction; 3) this bias is most strongly moderated by global relationship satisfaction at the time of retrospection; 4) snapshots of momentary relationship satisfaction get representative of global evaluations after approximately two weeks of sampling. The findings extend the recall bias reported in the literature for retrospection of negative affect to the domain of relationship evaluations and assist researchers in designing efficient experience sampling studies.

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Everyday Thoughts in Time: Experience Sampling Studies of Mental Time Travel

10.31234/osf.io/3cwre ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Roy Baumeister

Keyword(s):

Social Interaction ◽

Conscious Experience ◽

Experience Sampling ◽

Time Travel ◽

Mental Time Travel ◽

Subjective Experiences ◽

Sampling Studies ◽

The Past ◽

Experience Of Time ◽

Future Thought

Time is an important yet mysterious aspects of human conscious experience. We investigated time in everyday thoughts. Two community samples, contacted at random points for three (Study 1; 6,686 reports) and 14 days (Study 2; 2,361 reports), reported on their most recent thought. Both studies found that thoughts about the present and future were frequent, whereas thoughts about the past were rare. Thoughts about the present were common during social interaction, felt pleasant, but lacked to meaningfulness. Thoughts about the future included desires to satisfy goals and usually involved planning. Thoughts about the past were relatively unpleasant and involuntary. Subjective experiences of past and future thoughts often were similar and differed from present focus, consistent with views that memory and prospection use similar mental structures. Taken together, the present work provides unique insights into the conscious experience of time highlights the pragmatic utility of future thought.

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Overcoming mental blocks: A blocks-based approach to experience sampling studies

2017 IEEE Blocks and Beyond Workshop (B&B) ◽

10.1109/blocks.2017.8120409 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniel Rough ◽

Aaron Quigley

Keyword(s):

Experience Sampling ◽

Sampling Studies ◽

Mental Blocks

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Measuring emotional granularity in school-age children

10.31234/osf.io/56wkd ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Tereza de França Souza ◽

Claudinei Biazoli ◽

Mateus Silvestrin

Keyword(s):

Social Skills ◽

Behavioral Problems ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Emotional Experience ◽

Experience Sampling ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

School Age Children ◽

School Age ◽

Sampling Studies ◽

Psychoeducational Program

Dense longitudinal experience sampling studies with adults have shown that high emotional granularity scores are associated with better emotion regulation skills and lower prevalence of some psychiatric symptoms and disorders. Given the inherent difficulty in data acquisition, investigations applying this same methodology during development are still scarce. Here we present the first study of emotional granularity measured from a dense longitudinal experience sampling procedure in school-age children. Two hundred and sixty four children (ages 9 to 13 years old, mean = 10.4 ± 0.9) assessed their emotions with likert scales in three different weeks: one week before, one during and one after a four-month school-based psychoeducational program. Behavioral problems and social skills were also assessed before and after the same intervention in a separate sample of 113 children (ages 7 to 13 years old; mean = 9.3 ± 1.5). Small to moderate improvements in social skills were observed after the psychoeducational intervention in comparison to baseline. Regarding emotional granularity, a moderate improvement was observed for the discrimination of positive emotions after the intervention. Interestingly, responses to disgust and social emotions (jealousy, guilt, shame and envy) showed no significant variance throughout the samplings, suggesting that these emotion concepts are not usually applied,by school-age children. Our findings suggest the feasibility of assessing emotional granularity in school-age children and show an improvement in positive emotional granularity after a psychoeducational program, which have also improved social skills. Finally, challenges and further directions for properly applying emotional experience sampling in children are discussed.

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mobileQ: A Free User-Friendly Application for Collecting Experience Sampling Data

10.31234/osf.io/ynj7e ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kristof Meers ◽

Egon Dejonckheere ◽

Elise Katherine Kalokerinos ◽

Koen Rummens ◽

Peter Kuppens

Keyword(s):

Open Source Software ◽

Experience Sampling ◽

Free Software ◽

Web Interface ◽

Sampling Studies ◽

Android App ◽

Barrier To Entry ◽

High Level ◽

User Friendly ◽

Free Open Source

In this paper we introduce mobileQ, which is a free, open-source software that our lab has developed to use in experience sampling studies. Experience sampling studies have several strengths and are becoming more widely conducted, but there are few free software options. To address this gap, mobileQ has freely available servers, a web interface, and an Android app. To reduce the barrier to entry, it requires no high-level programming, and uses an easy point-and-click interface. It is designed to be used on dedicated research phones, allowing for experimenter control and eliminating selection bias. In this article, we introduce setting up a study in mobileQ, outline the set of help resources available for new users, and highlight the success with which mobileQ has been used in our lab and that of others.

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