Vasopressin and nitroglycerin decrease portal and hepatic venous pressure and hepato-splanchnic blood flow

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 953-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Wisén ◽  
K. Svennerholm ◽  
L. S. Bown ◽  
E. Houltz ◽  
M. Rizell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Splanchnic Blood Flow

Splanchnic blood flow in the monkey during hemorrhagic shock

1965 ◽  
Vol 208 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis L. Abel ◽  
John A. Waldhausen ◽  
Ewald E. Selkurt
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Hepatic Vein ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Portal Pressure ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Splanchnic Blood Flow

Blood flow in the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries was measured in nine Macaca monkeys during a standardized hemorrhagic shock procedure. Simultaneous pressures were obtained from the hepatic vein, portal vein, and aorta. Each animal was bled rapidly to an arterial pressure of 40 mm Hg and maintained at this level until 30% of the bled volume had spontaneously reinfused. The remaining blood was then rapidly reinfused and the animal observed until death. The results show a lack of overshoot of venous pressure on reinfusion, grossly pale intestines with some microscopic congestive changes, and a decrease in splanchnic conductance throughout the postinfusion period. Hepatic venous pressure exceeded portal pressure in six of the nine animals during the period of hemorrhage. The results are interpreted as indicative of insignificant splanchnic pooling during hemorrhagic shock in this animal.

Vasopressin and nitroglycerin decrease portal and hepatic venous pressure and hepato-splanchnic blood flow

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 1161-1161
Author(s):  
E. Wisén ◽  
K. Svennerholm ◽  
L. Sand Bown ◽  
E. Houltz ◽  
M. Rizell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Splanchnic Blood Flow

Baroreflex regulation of regional blood flow in congestive heart failure

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (5) ◽  
pp. H1409-H1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Creager ◽  
A. T. Hirsch ◽  
V. J. Dzau ◽  
E. G. Nabel ◽  
S. S. Cutler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Lower Body Negative Pressure ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Splanchnic Blood Flow ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure

In patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), the distribution of the cardiac output is altered. Cardiopulmonary and arterial baroreceptors normally can regulate regional blood flow, but their contribution in heart failure is not known. To examine the role of baroreceptors in the regulation of regional blood flow in CHF, the effect of lower body negative pressure (LBNP) on forearm, renal, and splanchnic blood flow was evaluated in 12 patients with heart failure. Incremental LBNP at -10 and -40 mmHg decreased central venous pressure but had not effect on systolic blood pressure or pulse pressure. Renal blood flow decreased from 505 +/- 63 to 468 +/- 66 ml/min during LBNP -10 mmHg (P less than 0.05) and to 376 +/- 74 ml/min during LBNP -40 mmHg (P less than 0.01). Splanchnic blood flow decreased from 564 +/- 76 to 480 +/- 62 ml/min during LBNP -10 mmHg (P less than 0.01) and to 303 +/- 45 ml/min during LBNP -40 mmHg (P less than 0.01). Forearm blood flow did not decrease during LBNP -10 mmHg or -40 mmHg. To determine whether the absence of limb vasoconstriction during LBNP was confined to abnormalities in the baroreflex arc or was secondary to impaired end-organ responsiveness, six patients with heart failure and six normal subjects received an intrabrachial artery infusion of phenylephrine. Phenylephrine increased forearm vascular resistance comparably in each group. These data demonstrate that baroreceptors can regulate splanchnic and renal but not limb vascular resistance in patients with congestive heart failure and may contribute to the redistribution of blood flow that occurs in this disorder.

Pulmonary fluid balance following pulmocutaneous baroreceptor denervation in the toad

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Smits ◽  
N. H. West ◽  
W. W. Burggren
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pulmonary Blood Flow ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Driving Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Hemodynamics ◽  
Pulmonary Capillaries ◽  
Neural Input ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Capillary Resistance ◽  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves

Pulmonary hemodynamics and net transcapillary fluid flux (NTFF) were measured in conscious toads before and following bilateral denervation of the recurrent laryngeal nerves (rLN), which contain afferents from baroreceptors located in the pulmocutaneous arteries. Denervation caused an acute doubling of the arterial-venous pressure gradient across the lung and a threefold increase in pulmonary blood flow. Calculated pulmonary vascular resistance fell and remained below control values through the period of experimentation. NTFF increased by an order of magnitude (0.74–7.77 ml X kg-1 X min-1), as filtration increased in response to the hemodynamic changes caused by rLN denervation. There was a better correlation between NTFF and pulmonary blood flow than between NTFF and pulmonary driving pressure. Our results support the view that tonic neural input from pulmocutaneous baroreceptors protects the anuran lung from edema by restraining pulmonary driving pressure and blood flow and perhaps by reflexly maintaining vascular tone in the extrinsic pulmonary artery, therefore tending to increase the pre-to-postpulmonary capillary resistance ratio and biasing the Starling relationship in the pulmonary capillaries against filtration.

The effect of isradipine in acute altitude hypoxia on cerebral, renal, and splanchnic blood flow evaluated by Doppler measurements

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (04) ◽  
pp. 212-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Court-Payen ◽  
Aram Ter Minassian ◽  
Niels Olsen ◽  
Inge Kanstrup ◽  
Claude Dubray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Splanchnic Blood Flow ◽  
Altitude Hypoxia

scholarly journals ACCURACY OF PREDICTING PULMONARY BLOOD FLOW, PULMONARY ARTERIOLAR RESISTANCE AND PULMONARY VENOUS PRESSURE FROM CHEST ROENTGENOGRAMS

1968 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARTHUR LIEBER ◽  
HAROLD D. ROSENBAUM ◽  
DANIEL J. HANSON ◽  
H. M. KWAAN
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pulmonary Blood Flow ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Arteriolar Resistance

Lower vascular tone and larger plasma volume in Parkinson's disease with orthostatic hypotension

2011 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Groothuis ◽  
R. A. J. Esselink ◽  
J. P. H. Seeger ◽  
M. J. H. van Aalst ◽  
M. T. E. Hopman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Orthostatic Hypotension ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Head Up Tilt

The pathophysiology of orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson's disease (PD) is incompletely understood. The primary focus has thus far been on failure of the baroreflex, a central mediated vasoconstrictor mechanism. Here, we test the role of two other possible factors: 1) a reduced peripheral vasoconstriction (which may contribute because PD includes a generalized sympathetic denervation); and 2) an inadequate plasma volume (which may explain why plasma volume expansion can manage orthostatic hypotension in PD). We included 11 PD patients with orthostatic hypotension (PD + OH), 14 PD patients without orthostatic hypotension (PD − OH), and 15 age-matched healthy controls. Leg blood flow was examined using duplex ultrasound during 60° head-up tilt. Leg vascular resistance was calculated as the arterial-venous pressure gradient divided by blood flow. In a subset of 9 PD + OH, 9 PD − OH, and 8 controls, plasma volume was determined by indicator dilution method with radiolabeled albumin (125I-HSA). The basal leg vascular resistance was significantly lower in PD + OH (0.7 ± 0.3 mmHg·ml−1·min) compared with PD − OH (1.3 ± 0.6 mmHg·ml−1·min, P < 0.01) and controls (1.3 ± 0.5 mmHg·ml−1·min, P < 0.01). Leg vascular resistance increased significantly during 60° head-up tilt with no significant difference between the groups. Plasma volume was significantly larger in PD + OH (3,869 ± 265 ml) compared with PD − OH (3,123 ± 377 ml, P < 0.01) and controls (3,204 ± 537 ml, P < 0.01). These results indicate that PD + OH have a lower basal leg vascular resistance in combination with a larger plasma volume compared with PD − OH and controls. Despite the increase in leg vascular resistance during 60° head-up tilt, PD + OH are unable to maintain their blood pressure.

SPLANCHNIC BLOOD FLOW AND OXYGEN DELIVERY ARE DECREASED IN ALCOHOL (EtOH) AND BURN INJURY.

Shock ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
M. A. Choudhry ◽  
Z. F. Ba ◽  
S. Rana ◽  
I. H. Chaudry
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Splanchnic Blood Flow
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