Prior task experience increases five‐year‐old children's use of proactive control: Behavioral and pupillometric evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaichi Yanaoka ◽  
Félice ’t Wout ◽  
Satoru Saito ◽  
Christopher Jarrold
Keyword(s):  
Proactive Control ◽  
Task Experience ◽  
Prior Task

Mitigating the Effects of Misleading Graphs on Decisions by Educating Users about the Principles of Graph Design

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn L. Raschke ◽  
Paul John Steinbart
Keyword(s):  
Training Session ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Quality ◽  
Graph Design ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Biasing Effects ◽  
Task Experience ◽  
Prior Task

ABSTRACT: Prior to training about the principles of proper graph design, effort-inducing interventions (warning decision makers about the possibility that graphs create misleading impressions and/or requiring them to write a brief justification of their choices) reduced the decision-biasing effects of misleadingly designed graphs, but only for decision makers with prior task experience. In contrast, a 30-minute training session on the principles of graph design improved decision quality for all participants, regardless of prior task experience. Moreover, after the training, neither type of effort-inducing intervention affected the decision quality of experienced decision makers. These results suggest that the best way to counteract the decision-biasing effects of misleadingly designed graphs is to educate decision makers about the principles of proper graph design. Our results, however, indicate that such training does not totally eliminate the decision-biasing effects of misleadingly designed graphs. Therefore, organizations also need to take steps to prevent the creation and dissemination of misleadingly designed graphs.

The role of prior task experience in temporal misestimation

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin E. Thomas ◽  
Simon J. Handley ◽  
Stephen E. Newstead
Keyword(s):  
Task Experience ◽  
Prior Task

scholarly journals Learning Experience Reverses Catecholaminergic Effects on Adaptive Behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Mückschel ◽  
Elena Eggert ◽  
Astrid Prochnow ◽  
Christian Beste
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Crossover Study ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Behavioral Adaptation ◽  
Prior Learning ◽  
Task Experience ◽  
Adaptation Processes ◽  
Prior Task

Abstract Background Catecholamines are important for cognitive control and the ability to adapt behavior (e.g., after response errors). A prominent drug that modulates the catecholaminergic system is methylphenidate. On the basis of theoretical consideration, we propose that the effects of methylphenidate on behavioral adaptation depend on prior learning experience. Methods In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study design, we examined the effect of methylphenidate (0.25 mg/kg) on post error behavioral adaptation processes in a group of n = 43 healthy young adults. Behavioral adaptation processes were examined in a working memory, modulated response selection task. The focus of the analysis was on order effects within the crossover study design to evaluate effects of prior learning/task experience. Results The effect of methylphenidate/placebo on post-error behavioral adaptation processes reverses depending on prior task experience. When there was no prior experience with the task, methylphenidate increased post-error slowing and thus intensified behavioral adaptation processes. However, when there was prior task experience, (i.e., when the placebo session was conducted first in the crossover design), methylphenidate even decreased post-error slowing and behavioral adaptation. Effect sizes were large and the power of the observed effects was higher than 95%. Conclusions The data suggest that catecholaminergic effects on cognitive control functions vary as a function of prior learning/task experience. The data establish a close link between learning/task familiarization and catecholaminergic effects for executive functions, which has not yet been studied, to our knowledge, but is of considerable clinical relevance. Theoretical implications are discussed.

The effects of prior task experience in the modeling situation

1976 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 524-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C Roberts ◽  
David A Santogrossi ◽  
Mark H Thelen
Keyword(s):  
Task Experience ◽  
Prior Task

How Diverse Task Experience Affects Both Group and Subsequent Individual Performance

2021 ◽  
pp. 014616722199222
Author(s):  
Sheli D. Sillito Walker ◽  
Bryan L. Bonner
Keyword(s):  
Individual Performance ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Circuit Board Assembly ◽  
Effective Exchange ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Task Experience ◽  
Assembly Tasks ◽  
Group Experience ◽  
Prior Task ◽  
Better Than

Task demonstrability defines the criteria that, when met, facilitate the effective exchange of knowledge within a problem-solving group. The extent to which those criteria are met should vary as a consequence of the relevant experiences that members have prior to entering the group. We investigate whether group members’ ability to coordinate with one another is facilitated by their prior task-related experiences. Participants worked individually, then in groups, and then individually again to complete a series of circuit board assembly tasks. Groups in which all members had pre-task experience performed significantly better than groups with even a single member lacking task experience, or individuals. Mediation analysis showed that prior task experience helps group members coordinate by improving task demonstrability. Group experience composition also affected post-group individual performance. Groups with diverse task experience produced individuals who performed better solo but only after working on an unstructured task that allowed for greater exploration.

Is Task Autonomy Beneficial for Creativity? Prior Task Experience and Self-Control as Boundary Conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Wook Chang ◽  
Devin Wende Huang ◽  
Jin Nam Choi
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Creative Performance ◽  
Various Boundary Conditions ◽  
Task Autonomy ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
Task Experience ◽  
Prior Task

In this study we elaborate on the autonomy–creativity relationship by identifying potential boundary conditions. Specifically, we hypothesized that when task autonomy is provided people's reactions are shaped by the level of their prior experience or skills and by whether or not they have previously worked on a task autonomously. We further hypothesized that self-control would moderate the autonomy–creativity link. The analysis of data collected from 148 individuals who completed 2 sets of creativity tasks under different task conditions revealed that task autonomy reduces creative performance when there is no prior task-relevant experience. Individuals with high self-control showed similar levels of creativity regardless of the level of task autonomy. In contrast, those with low self-control performed more creatively under a no autonomy condition than under an autonomy condition. Our findings highlight the need for considering various boundary conditions when considering changes in the effects of task autonomy on creativity.

The Effect of Superiorss Prior Task Experience on Employeess Targets

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Feichter
Keyword(s):  
Task Experience ◽  
Prior Task

scholarly journals Prior task experience affects temporal prediction and estimation

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Tobin ◽  
Simon Grondin
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Prediction ◽  
Task Experience ◽  
Prior Task

When and why prior task experience fosters team creativity

2009 ◽  
pp. 87-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Gino ◽  
Gergana Todorova ◽  
Ella Miron-Spektor ◽  
Linda Argote
Keyword(s):  
Team Creativity ◽  
Task Experience ◽  
Prior Task
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