scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of high‐dose GLP ‐1, GLP ‐1/ GIP and GLP ‐1/glucagon receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe E.M. De Block ◽  
Eveline Dirinck ◽  
Ann Verhaegen ◽  
Luc F. Van Gaal
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Glucagon Receptor ◽  
Receptor Agonists

Proglucagon-Derived Peptides: Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Potential

Physiology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine M Sinclair ◽  
Daniel J. Drucker
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Glucagon Receptor ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide

Glucagon is used for the treatment of hypoglycemia, and glucagon receptor antagonists are under development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Moreover, glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and GLP-2 receptor agonists appear to be promising therapies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and intestinal disorders, respectively. This review discusses the physiological, pharmacological, and therapeutic actions of the proglucagon-derived peptides, with an emphasis on clinical relevance of the peptides for the treatment of human disease.

Efficacy and Safety of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Across the Spectrum of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 125 (07) ◽  
pp. 419-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Leiter ◽  
Michael Nauck
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Glucose Lowering ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Gastrointestinal Adverse Events

AbstractFor patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) generally exert robust glucose-lowering effects that are at least as effective as insulin. As monotherapies, changes from baseline in HbA1c with GLP-1RAs ranged from –1.9 to –0.7% in phase 3 trials. In addition, GLP-1RAs confer a low risk of hypoglycaemia and have a body-weight advantage (changes from baseline ranging from –4.0 to –0.4 kg). There is also evidence of significant reductions in risk for cardiovascular events with some of these agents, with a number of other trials underway. Gastrointestinal adverse events typically increase with GLP-1RAs, although these are generally mild to moderate in intensity and rarely require treatment discontinuation. The GLP-1RAs that are commercially available or in development vary in structure and pharmacokinetics. These differences affect the frequency of administration and can also affect their relative efficacy and safety. This review summarizes the findings of phase 3 glycaemic control trials of available GLP-1RAs and considers them in the context of the distinct clinical needs of individual patients.

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