Experimental warming drives a seasonal shift in the timing of host-parasite dynamics with consequences for disease risk

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara H. Paull ◽  
Pieter T. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
Experimental Warming ◽  
Seasonal Shift ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Parasite Dynamics

scholarly journals A Bit of Sex Stabilizes Host–Parasite Dynamics

2001 ◽  
Vol 212 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS FLATT ◽  
NICOLAS MAIRE ◽  
MICHAEL DOEBELI
Keyword(s):  
Host Parasite ◽  
Parasite Dynamics

Host-parasite dynamics and the evolution of host immunity and parasite fecundity strategies

1997 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veijo Kaitala ◽  
Mikko Heino ◽  
Wayne M. Getz
Keyword(s):  
Host Immunity ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Parasite Dynamics

scholarly journals How host phenology impacts multi-season epidemic cycles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannelore MacDonald ◽  
Dustin Brisson
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Cycles ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Host Phenology ◽  
Demographic Impact ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Parasite Populations ◽  
Parasite Dynamics

Parasite-host interactions can result in periodic population dynamics when parasites over-exploit host populations. The timing of host seasonal activity, or host phenology, determines the frequency and demographic impact of parasite-host interactions which may govern if the parasite can sufficiently over-exploit their hosts to drive population cycles. We describe a mathematical model of a monocyclic, obligate-killer parasite system with seasonal host activity to investigate the consequences of host phenology on host-parasite dynamics. The results suggest that parasites can reach the densities necessary to destabilize host dynamics and drive cycling in only some phenological scenarios, such as environments with short seasons and synchronous host emergence. Further, only parasite lineages that are sufficiently adapted to phenological scenarios with short seasons and synchronous host emergence can achieve the densities necessary to over-exploit hosts and produce population cycles. Host-parasite cycles can also generate an eco-evolutionary feedback that slows parasite adaptation to the phenological environment as rare advantageous phenotypes are driven to extinction when introduced in phases of the cycle where host populations are small and parasite populations are large. The results demonstrate that seasonal environments can drive population cycling in a restricted set of phenological patterns and provides further evidence that the rate of adaptive evolution depends on underlying ecological dynamics.

scholarly journals Melanin-based coloration and host–parasite interactions under global change

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1879) ◽  
pp. 20180285 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Côte ◽  
A. Boniface ◽  
S. Blanchet ◽  
A. P. Hendry ◽  
J. Gasparini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Colour Polymorphism ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
To Come ◽  
Colour Morphs ◽  
Host Parasite

The role of parasites in shaping melanin-based colour polymorphism, and the consequences of colour polymorphism for disease resistance, remain debated. Here we review recent evidence of the links between melanin-based coloration and the behavioural and immunological defences of vertebrates against their parasites. First we propose that (1) differences between colour morphs can result in variable exposure to parasites, either directly (certain colours might be more or less attractive to parasites) or indirectly (variations in behaviour and encounter probability). Once infected, we propose that (2) immune variation between differently coloured individuals might result in different abilities to cope with parasite infection. We then discuss (3) how these different abilities could translate into variable sexual and natural selection in environments varying in parasite pressure. Finally, we address (4) the potential role of parasites in the maintenance of melanin-based colour polymorphism, especially in the context of global change and multiple stressors in human-altered environments. Because global change will probably affect both coloration and the spread of parasitic diseases in the decades to come, future studies should take into account melanin-based coloration to better predict the evolutionary responses of animals to changing disease risk in human-altered environments.

Host–parasite dynamics and epidemiological principles

2006 ◽  
pp. 98-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. Nunn ◽  
Sonia Altizer
Keyword(s):  
Host Parasite ◽  
Parasite Dynamics

scholarly journals Host‐parasite dynamics in Chagas disease from systemic to hyper‐local scales

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damián Pérez‐Mazliah ◽  
Alexander I. Ward ◽  
Michael D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Parasite Dynamics
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