Experimental study of alarm calls of the oriental tit ( Parus minor ) toward different predators and reactions they induce in nestlings

Ethology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 610-619
Author(s):  
Jungmoon Ha ◽  
Keesan Lee ◽  
Eunjeong Yang ◽  
Woojoo Kim ◽  
Ho‐kyung Song ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungmoon Ha ◽  
Keesan Lee ◽  
Eunjeong Yang ◽  
Woojoo Kim ◽  
Ho-kyung Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  


Behaviour ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Moon Ha ◽  
Keesan Lee ◽  
Eun Jeong Yang ◽  
Woo Joo Kim ◽  
Ho Kyeong Song ◽  
...  

Abstract Predator-specific alarm calls may have a variety of context-specific functions. Parents of the oriental tit, Parus minor, use the ‘jar’ call in response to the presence of a snake near the nests, and the nestlings respond by escaping the nest cavity. This specific function can be observed only when nestlings are able to fledge. Do tits use the ‘jar’ call only in a situation when nestlings are physically able to jump out of the nest? We measured parental responses to live snake in 8 nests. The use of ‘jar’ call by parents was not modified by the ability of their nestlings to escape out of the nest. This suggests that fledging in response to ‘jar’ call by old nestlings evolved later than the evolutionary emergence of referential snake alarm calls, and that the ancestral function of ‘jar’ call was probably not related to triggering of fledging in old nestlings.



2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (7) ◽  
pp. 1541-1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshitaka N. Suzuki

One of the core features of human speech is that words cause listeners to retrieve corresponding visual mental images. However, whether vocalizations similarly evoke mental images in animal communication systems is surprisingly unknown. Japanese tits (Parus minor) produce specific alarm calls when and only when encountering a predatory snake. Here, I show that simply hearing these calls causes tits to become more visually perceptive to objects resembling snakes. During playback of snake-specific alarm calls, tits approach a wooden stick being moved in a snake-like fashion. However, tits do not respond to the same stick when hearing other call types or if the stick’s movement is dissimilar to that of a snake. Thus, before detecting a real snake, tits retrieve its visual image from snake-specific alarm calls and use this to search out snakes. This study provides evidence for a call-evoked visual search image in a nonhuman animal, offering a paradigm to explore the cognitive basis for animal vocal communication in the wild.



Author(s):  
Norio Baba ◽  
Norihiko Ichise ◽  
Syunya Watanabe

The tilted beam illumination method is used to improve the resolution comparing with the axial illumination mode. Using this advantage, a restoration method of several tilted beam images covering the full azimuthal range was proposed by Saxton, and experimentally examined. To make this technique more reliable it seems that some practical problems still remain. In this report the restoration was attempted and the problems were considered. In our study, four problems were pointed out for the experiment of the restoration. (1) Accurate beam tilt adjustment to fit the incident beam to the coma-free axis for the symmetrical beam tilting over the full azimuthal range. (2) Accurate measurements of the optical parameters which are necessary to design the restoration filter. Even if the spherical aberration coefficient Cs is known with accuracy and the axial astigmatism is sufficiently compensated, at least the defocus value must be measured. (3) Accurate alignment of the tilt-azimuth series images.





1962 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Quarrington ◽  
Jerome Conway ◽  
Nathan Siegel
Keyword(s):  


1974 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
A WAKABAYASHI ◽  
T KUBO ◽  
K CHARNEY ◽  
Y NAKAMURA ◽  
J CONNOLLY


1963 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald C. McIlrath ◽  
George A. Hallenbeck ◽  
Hubert A. Allen ◽  
Charles V. Mann ◽  
Edward J. Baldes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  


1958 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry D. Janowitz ◽  
Vernon A. Weinstein ◽  
Rhoda G. Shaer ◽  
James F. Cereghini ◽  
Franklin Hollander


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