Experimental study of alarm calls of the oriental tit ( Parus minor ) toward different predators and reactions they induce in nestlings

Ethology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 610-619
Author(s):  
Jungmoon Ha ◽  
Keesan Lee ◽  
Eunjeong Yang ◽  
Woojoo Kim ◽  
Ho‐kyung Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Alarm Calls ◽  
Parus Minor

Corvid predators may be attracted to parental alarm calls that trigger fledging of nestlings in Oriental Tits (Parus minor)

2021 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungmoon Ha ◽  
Keesan Lee ◽  
Eunjeong Yang ◽  
Woojoo Kim ◽  
Ho-kyung Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alarm Calls ◽  
Parus Minor

Effect of nestlings’ age on parental responses to a predatory snake in Parus minor

Behaviour ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Moon Ha ◽  
Keesan Lee ◽  
Eun Jeong Yang ◽  
Woo Joo Kim ◽  
Ho Kyeong Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alarm Calls ◽  
Specific Function ◽  
Nest Cavity ◽  
Ancestral Function ◽  
Parus Minor ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Evolutionary Emergence ◽  
Parental Responses

Abstract Predator-specific alarm calls may have a variety of context-specific functions. Parents of the oriental tit, Parus minor, use the ‘jar’ call in response to the presence of a snake near the nests, and the nestlings respond by escaping the nest cavity. This specific function can be observed only when nestlings are able to fledge. Do tits use the ‘jar’ call only in a situation when nestlings are physically able to jump out of the nest? We measured parental responses to live snake in 8 nests. The use of ‘jar’ call by parents was not modified by the ability of their nestlings to escape out of the nest. This suggests that fledging in response to ‘jar’ call by old nestlings evolved later than the evolutionary emergence of referential snake alarm calls, and that the ancestral function of ‘jar’ call was probably not related to triggering of fledging in old nestlings.

scholarly journals Alarm calls evoke a visual search image of a predator in birds

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (7) ◽  
pp. 1541-1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshitaka N. Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Vocal Communication ◽  
Animal Communication ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Alarm Calls ◽  
Mental Images ◽  
Search Image ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Parus Minor

One of the core features of human speech is that words cause listeners to retrieve corresponding visual mental images. However, whether vocalizations similarly evoke mental images in animal communication systems is surprisingly unknown. Japanese tits (Parus minor) produce specific alarm calls when and only when encountering a predatory snake. Here, I show that simply hearing these calls causes tits to become more visually perceptive to objects resembling snakes. During playback of snake-specific alarm calls, tits approach a wooden stick being moved in a snake-like fashion. However, tits do not respond to the same stick when hearing other call types or if the stick’s movement is dissimilar to that of a snake. Thus, before detecting a real snake, tits retrieve its visual image from snake-specific alarm calls and use this to search out snakes. This study provides evidence for a call-evoked visual search image in a nonhuman animal, offering a paradigm to explore the cognitive basis for animal vocal communication in the wild.

Experimental study on the restoration from a tilt-azimuth series for improvement in resolution

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
Norio Baba ◽  
Norihiko Ichise ◽  
Syunya Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Incident Beam ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Beam Tilting ◽  
Illumination Method ◽  
Restoration Method ◽  
Illumination Mode

The tilted beam illumination method is used to improve the resolution comparing with the axial illumination mode. Using this advantage, a restoration method of several tilted beam images covering the full azimuthal range was proposed by Saxton, and experimentally examined. To make this technique more reliable it seems that some practical problems still remain. In this report the restoration was attempted and the problems were considered. In our study, four problems were pointed out for the experiment of the restoration. (1) Accurate beam tilt adjustment to fit the incident beam to the coma-free axis for the symmetrical beam tilting over the full azimuthal range. (2) Accurate measurements of the optical parameters which are necessary to design the restoration filter. Even if the spherical aberration coefficient Cs is known with accuracy and the axial astigmatism is sufficiently compensated, at least the defocus value must be measured. (3) Accurate alignment of the tilt-azimuth series images.

An experimental study in reducing blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats through extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibition

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. S31-S31
Author(s):  
Li Jing ◽  
Jian‑zhong Zhang ◽  
Jin‑ping Sun ◽  
Xin An ◽  
Feng‑ying Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Kinase Inhibition ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase ◽  
Extracellular Signal

An Experimental Study of Some Properties of Stuttered Words

1962 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Quarrington ◽  
Jerome Conway ◽  
Nathan Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study

Experimental study of total body washout employing extracorporeal circulation and hypothermia

1974 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
A WAKABAYASHI ◽  
T KUBO ◽  
K CHARNEY ◽  
Y NAKAMURA ◽  
J CONNOLLY
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Extracorporeal Circulation ◽  
Total Body

Gastric Freezing: An Experimental Study

1963 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald C. McIlrath ◽  
George A. Hallenbeck ◽  
Hubert A. Allen ◽  
Charles V. Mann ◽  
Edward J. Baldes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study

The Effect of Cortisone and Corticotropin on The Healing of Gastric Ulcer: An Experimental Study

1958 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry D. Janowitz ◽  
Vernon A. Weinstein ◽  
Rhoda G. Shaer ◽  
James F. Cereghini ◽  
Franklin Hollander
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Gastric Ulcer
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