Vertical distribution of larval Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) and Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus): Implications for vertical migratory behaviour and transport

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward A. Hale ◽  
Timothy E. Targett

Author(s):  
Jean-Christophe Joyeux

Sixty-eight tides were sampled consecutively to study the retention of fish larvae transported into estuaries. The experiment was conducted at Beaufort Inlet, North Carolina, USA, in March 1996. The inlet is primarily tide-driven and meteorological forcing has a minor influence. Four species of winter-spawning fish were abundant in the samples: Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus; Atlantic croaker, Micropogonias undulatus; spot, Leiostomus xanthurus; and pinfish, Lagodon rhomboides. Across-shore winds significantly affected flow and physico-chemical characteristics of the water. Across-shore winds also positively influenced the larval retention provided larvae did not present a clear tidal rhythm of vertical migration within the water column and that winds pushed in the water during flood tides. The retention of larvae migrating vertically in respect to the direction of the flow was independent of meteorological forcing of the water.







1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Noga ◽  
M. J. Dykstra ◽  
J. F. Wright

Certain cells that participate in the chronic inflammatory response of teleost fishes have many features typical of epithelioid cells of mammals. Such features include high metabolic activity, frequent phagolysosomes, and cytoplasmic interdigitations between adjacent cells; however, the epithelioid granulomas formed in response to certain diseases in teleost fishes also have several features associated with epithelial cells. Cases of ulcerative mycosis or acid-fast bacterial infection in Atlantic menhaden ( Brevoortia tyrannus), fungal infection in silver perch ( Bairdiella chrysoura), and mycobacteriosis in Mozambique tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus) had epithelioid cells that were joined together by well-formed desmosomes with tonofilaments. “Mature granulomas” of the ulcerative mycosis-infected menhaden stained positively for cytokeratin, a cytoskeletal protein that is considered to be highly specific for epithelial cells. The consistent presence of these heretofore unrecognized epithelial features suggest that they may be characteristic of certain types of cells participating in piscine chronic inflammation.



<em>Abstract</em>.—Rapid increase in abundance and expanded distribution of introduced blue catfish <em>Ictalurus furcatus</em> populations in the Chesapeake Bay watershed have raised regional management concerns. This study uses information from multiple surveys to examine expansion of blue catfish populations and document their role in tidal river communities. Originally stocked in the James, York, and Rappahannock River systems for development of commercial and recreational fisheries, blue catfish have now been documented in adjacent rivers and have expanded their within-river distribution to oligo- and mesohaline environments. Range expansions coincided with periods of peak abundance in 1996 and 2003 and with the concurrent decline in abundance of native white catfish <em>I. catus</em>. Blue catfish in these systems use a diverse prey base; various amphipod species typically dominate the diet of smaller individuals (<300 mm fork length [FL]), and fishes are common prey for larger blue catfish (>300 mm FL). Recent studies based on stable isotope analyses suggest that adult blue catfish in these systems are apex predators that feed extensively on important fishery resources, including anadromous shads and herrings Alosa spp. and juvenile Atlantic menhaden <em>Brevoortia tyrannus</em>. Minimizing effects on Chesapeake Bay communities by controlling high densities of blue catfish populations is a primary goal of management, but conflicting demands of the commercial and recreational sectors must be resolved. Further, low market demand and human consumption concerns associated with purported accumulation of contaminants in blue catfish pose additional complications for regulating these fisheries.



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