Tilapia skin peptides restore cyclophosphamide-induced premature ovarian failure via inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis in mice

Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) skin high value-added compounds have not been fully utilized in tilapia processing. Here, the protective effects of tilapia skin peptides (TSP) on primary ovarian failure (POF) and...

Pemanfaatan Sistem Embung Sebagai Sumber Air dan Pangan Keluarga di Desa Cikalong Tasikmalaya Jawa Barat

<p><strong><em>Utilizing the Pond as A Water and Food Source in Cikalong Village Tasikmalaya </em></strong><strong><em>West Java.</em></strong> Cikalong Village is administratively in the Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java, often experiencing drought every year, chiefly in the dry season, when the local people have difficulty obtaining water to meet their daily needs. The method used in the activity was a direct observation, interviews, and FGD (Focus Group Discussion). The number of people involved is 10-15 people, in which there are community leaders and farmers. This activity aims to determine the contribution and benefits of the pond, especially in the dry season which is prone to drought. Ponds can be an alternative solution, apart from being a water source, their function can also be developed for fish cultivation with an aquaculture system and vegetables with an aqua-plants system. Both systems are able to meet food needs on a family scale well, with the integration of various types of fish such as <em>Cyprinus carpio</em>, <em>Oreochromis mossambicus</em> and vegetables such as chili, leeks, tomatoes. The results of the activity showed that the benefits of making ponds around the house with sizes of 10x10 m, 5x5 m, and 3x3 m and in gardens with sizes 10x20 m to 20x20 are as water storage, fish cultivation and plant cultivation. The pond was a form of adaptation and mitigation of local communities in responding to the effects of drought properly. The Cikalong Village community can be categorized as a community that has a fairly high sensitivity to the surrounding environmental conditions in recognizing and mitigating drought problems.</p>

A Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of Mozambique Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) Reveals the Structure of Sex Determining Regions

The Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) is a fascinating taxon for evolutionary and ecological research. It is an important food fish and one of the most widely distributed tilapias. Because males grow faster than females, genetically male tilapia are preferred in aquaculture. However, studies of sex determination and sex control in O. mossambicus have been hindered by the limited characterization of the genome. To address this gap, we assembled a high-quality genome of O. mossambicus, using a combination of high coverage of Illumina and Nanopore reads, coupled with Hi-C and RNA-Seq data. Our genome assembly spans 1,007 Mb with a scaffold N50 of 11.38 Mb. We successfully anchored and oriented 98.6% of the genome on 22 linkage groups (LGs). Based on re-sequencing data for male and female fishes from three families, O. mossambicus segregates both an XY system on LG14 and a ZW system on LG3. The sex-patterned SNPs shared by two XY families narrowed the sex determining regions to ∼3 Mb on LG14. The shared sex-patterned SNPs included two deleterious missense mutations in ahnak and rhbdd1, indicating the possible roles of these two genes in sex determination. This annotated chromosome-level genome assembly and identification of sex determining regions represents a valuable resource to help understand the evolution of genetic sex determination in tilapias.

Toxic Effect Of Cypermethrin On Enzymes In Freshwater Fish Oreochromis Mossambicus (Tilapia)

In agriculture, excessive use of various pesticides had increased in developing countries. These pesticides may be highly toxic, not only to aquatic organisms like fishes but also to humans. In recent years, synthetic pyrethroids were developed for major uses in various agriculture practices and public health purposes. We aim to find the toxic Effect of Cypermethrin on Freshwater Fish Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia). The fish Oreochromis mossambicus were exposed for 30 days to various sub lethal concentrations (1/10, 1/20, and 1/30) of cypermethrin. After completion of a 30 days exposure, the fish Oreochromis mossambicus was sacrificed and tissue samples of muscle, liver, and kidney were analyzed. Decreased value of ALP, ACP, and Increased value of AST, ALT was observed in all the sub lethal exposure of cypermethrin on treated freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus at 30 days on comparing with the control group. High variation of AST and ALT were observed in the liver at 1/10th concentration of cypermethrin and elevated variation of ALP and ACP was observed in the liver at 1/10th concentration of sub lethal level for 30 days exposure. While comparing with the control group, the effects of cypermethrin on experimental fish showed increased levels of AST, ALT in the tissues of muscle, liver, and kidney of O. mossambicus, and the level of ACP and ALP were found in a decreased manner. Increased levels of ALT and AST activity observed in freshwater fishes may be due to the reduction of metabolic activity and concentration of ACP and ALP in various tissues due to cellular necrosis. In the present study, we found that the effect of cypermethrin alters the activity of various enzymes in freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus. It is concluded from this study that exposure to cypermethrin affects the enzyme activities of fish.

Toxic Effect of Monocrotophos on Various Blood Parameters in Edible Freshwater Fish Oreochromis Mossambicus (Tilapia)

In modern agriculture, farmers are using the authenticity of pesticides for agricultural activities. Water bodies are often polluted with various harmfull chemical substances. Fishes are very important for human nourishment. In this study, the effect of Pesticide monocrotophos on various hematological parameters such as RBC, WBC, and Hemoglobin was observed in freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus. The fish were exposed to various sub-lethal concentrations (1/10, 1/20, and 1/30) of Monocrotophos for 10, 20, and 30 days. The blood samples were analyzed at the end of every exposure period. Increased count of WBC observed in Lower Sub lethal concentration (21.25, 21.76, 22.01), Medium Sub-lethal concentration (21.69, 22.48, 22.89), and Higher Sub lethal concentration (22.47, 23.54, 23.69) of monocrotophos at various monocrotophos exposure periods on experimental fish Oreochromis mossambicus. Decreased count of RBC observed in Lower Sub-lethal concentration (3.58,3.21,3.08), Medium Sub-lethal concentration (2.97,2.35,2.19) and Higher Sub-lethal concentration (2.41,2.16,2.02) and decreased level of Hemoglobin were observed in Lower Sub-lethal concentration (21.25,21.76,22.01), Medium Sub-lethal concentration (21.69,22.48,22.89) and Higher Sub-lethal concentration (22.47,23.54,23.69) of monocrotophos at various exposure period on fish Oreochromis mossambicus. The 1/10 sub-lethal concentration of monocrotophos showed a high level of variation on 30th-day exposure. Reduction of RBC indicates hemolysis in fish and increased WBC count has been considered to be an adaptation of animals to meet stressful conditions. In the present study, it was found that the effect of monocrotophos alters the activity of various blood parameters in freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus. Therefore, the experiment is an attempt to study the toxicity of the pesticide Monocrotophos concerning blood parameters of freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus. It is concluded from this study that exposure to Monocrotophos affects the hematological parameters of fish.