scholarly journals Urbanization drives community shifts towards thermophilic and dispersive species at local and landscape scales

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 2554-2564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Piano ◽  
Katrien De Wolf ◽  
Francesca Bona ◽  
Dries Bonte ◽  
Diana E. Bowler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Shifts ◽  
Landscape Scales

Parasite defense mechanisms in bees: behavior, immunity, antimicrobials, and symbionts

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison E. Fowler ◽  
Rebecca E. Irwin ◽  
Lynn S. Adler
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Immune Priming ◽  
Social Bees ◽  
Bee Health ◽  
Landscape Scales ◽  
And Function ◽  
Solitary Species

Parasites are linked to the decline of some bee populations; thus, understanding defense mechanisms has important implications for bee health. Recent advances have improved our understanding of factors mediating bee health ranging from molecular to landscape scales, but often as disparate literatures. Here, we bring together these fields and summarize our current understanding of bee defense mechanisms including immunity, immunization, and transgenerational immune priming in social and solitary species. Additionally, the characterization of microbial diversity and function in some bee taxa has shed light on the importance of microbes for bee health, but we lack information that links microbial communities to parasite infection in most bee species. Studies are beginning to identify how bee defense mechanisms are affected by stressors such as poor-quality diets and pesticides, but further research on this topic is needed. We discuss how integrating research on host traits, microbial partners, and nutrition, as well as improving our knowledge base on wild and semi-social bees, will help inform future research, conservation efforts, and management.

scholarly journals Fish community shifts along a strong fluvial environmental gradient revealed by eDNA metabarcoding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik García‐Machado ◽  
Martin Laporte ◽  
Eric Normandeau ◽  
Cecilia Hernández ◽  
Guillaume Côté ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Community ◽  
Environmental Gradient ◽  
Community Shifts

scholarly journals Hard times for high expectations from hydraulics: predicting drought‐induced forest mortality at landscape scales remains a challenge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Rowland ◽  
Jordi Martínez‐Vilalta ◽  
Maurizio Mencuccini
Keyword(s):  
High Expectations ◽  
Forest Mortality ◽  
Hard Times ◽  
Landscape Scales

How sediment bacterial community shifts along the urban river located in mining city

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Wang ◽  
Sheng Liu ◽  
Peifang Wang ◽  
Juan Chen ◽  
Xun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Urban River ◽  
Mining City ◽  
Community Shifts ◽  
Sediment Bacterial Community

scholarly journals Leveraging TLS as a Calibration and Validation Tool for MLS and ULS Mapping of Savanna Structure and Biomass at Landscape-Scales

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun R. Levick ◽  
Tim Whiteside ◽  
David A. Loewensteiner ◽  
Mitchel Rudge ◽  
Renee Bartolo
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Calibration And Validation ◽  
Savanna Vegetation ◽  
Landscape Scales

Savanna ecosystems are challenging to map and monitor as their vegetation is highly dynamic in space and time. Understanding the structural diversity and biomass distribution of savanna vegetation requires high-resolution measurements over large areas and at regular time intervals. These requirements cannot currently be met through field-based inventories nor spaceborne satellite remote sensing alone. UAV-based remote sensing offers potential as an intermediate scaling tool, providing acquisition flexibility and cost-effectiveness. Yet despite the increased availability of lightweight LiDAR payloads, the suitability of UAV-based LiDAR for mapping and monitoring savanna 3D vegetation structure is not well established. We mapped a 1 ha savanna plot with terrestrial-, mobile- and UAV-based laser scanning (TLS, MLS, and ULS), in conjunction with a traditional field-based inventory (n = 572 stems > 0.03 m). We treated the TLS dataset as the gold standard against which we evaluated the degree of complementarity and divergence of structural metrics from MLS and ULS. Sensitivity analysis showed that MLS and ULS canopy height models (CHMs) did not differ significantly from TLS-derived models at spatial resolutions greater than 2 m and 4 m respectively. Statistical comparison of the resulting point clouds showed minor over- and under-estimation of woody canopy cover by MLS and ULS, respectively. Individual stem locations and DBH measurements from the field inventory were well replicated by the TLS survey (R2 = 0.89, RMSE = 0.024 m), which estimated above-ground woody biomass to be 7% greater than field-inventory estimates (44.21 Mg ha−1 vs 41.08 Mg ha−1). Stem DBH could not be reliably estimated directly from the MLS or ULS, nor indirectly through allometric scaling with crown attributes (R2 = 0.36, RMSE = 0.075 m). MLS and ULS show strong potential for providing rapid and larger area capture of savanna vegetation structure at resolutions suitable for many ecological investigations; however, our results underscore the necessity of nesting TLS sampling within these surveys to quantify uncertainty. Complementing large area MLS and ULS surveys with TLS sampling will expand our options for the calibration and validation of multiple spaceborne LiDAR, SAR, and optical missions.

scholarly journals Microbial community shifts elicit inflammation in the caecal mucosa via the GPR41/43 signalling pathway during subacute ruminal acidosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangjun Chang ◽  
Huanmin Zhang ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Nana Ma ◽  
Roy Animesh Chandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Subacute Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Community Shifts

scholarly journals Organic farming enhances parasitoid diversity at the local and landscape scales

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 1102-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego J. Inclán ◽  
Pierfilippo Cerretti ◽  
Doreen Gabriel ◽  
Tim G. Benton ◽  
Steven M. Sait ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Landscape Scales
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