Quality spillover, tariff, and multinational firms' local sourcing strategies

This study reports sourcing strategies used by European and Japanese multinational firms and their implications on the transferability of the firms’ product and manufacturing process technology. Globalization of markets has a strong impact on firms’ sourcing and marketing strategies. The results suggest the uncoupling of innovation location from actual production location. It is strongly motivated both by the growing competitive threat in the global marketplace and by the expectation of increased payoffs to rapid introduction of advanced product and manufacturing process innovations.

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Transfer Pricing and Sourcing Strategies for Multinational Firms

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.2270192 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Masha Shunko ◽

Laurens Debo ◽

Srinagesh Gavirneni

Keyword(s):

Multinational Firms ◽

Transfer Pricing ◽

Sourcing Strategies

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Transfer Pricing and Sourcing Strategies for Multinational Firms

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.2275360 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Masha Shunko ◽

Laurens Debo ◽

Srinagesh Gavirneni

Keyword(s):

Multinational Firms ◽

Transfer Pricing ◽

Sourcing Strategies

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Transfer Pricing and Sourcing Strategies for Multinational Firms

Production and Operations Management ◽

10.1111/poms.12175 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 23 (12) ◽

pp. 2043-2057 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Masha Shunko ◽

Laurens Debo ◽

Srinagesh Gavirneni

Keyword(s):

Multinational Firms ◽

Transfer Pricing ◽

Sourcing Strategies

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What's at Stake for the LDCs, Now that the Uruguay Round Talks have been Suspended? (The Distinguishedl Lecture)

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v30i4ipp.579-599 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 30 (4I) ◽

pp. 579-599

Author(s):

Robert E. Baldwin

Keyword(s):

Multinational Firms ◽

Uruguay Round ◽

National Policy ◽

Trade In Services ◽

Trade Negotiation ◽

Multilateral Trade Negotiation ◽

Industrial Countries ◽

Goods And Services ◽

Foreign Affiliates ◽

Merchandise Trade

Until negotiations collapsed in early December, the Uruguay Round gave promise of being the most significant multilateral trade negotiation since 1947, when the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GA TI) was implemented and tariffs levels of the industrial countries were sharply cut. There are at least three reasons for this conclusion. First, by agreeing at the outset to bring both agriculture and textiles under GATT discipline, the participants created the opportunity for both rich and poor agricultural exporting nations and relatively low-wage, newly industrializing LDCs to benefit significantly from GATT-sponsored trade negotiations. Prior to the Uruguay Round, the benefits to these countries of such negotiations had been limited, since these two sectors were excluded from any significant liberalization. Second, by agreeing to formulate new rules relating to trade in services, trade-related aspects of· intellectual property rights, and trade-related investment issues, members took an important step in modernizing the GATT. As economic globalization has accelerated, there is a growing realization that arms-length merchandise transactions, the traditional concern of the GATT, are only one aspect of the real-side economic relations of current concern to national policy-makers and the economic interests they represent Now international commercial activities also involve merchandise trade among multinational firms and their foreign affiliates, international trade in services among independent agents as well as among affiliated enterprises, foreign direct investment activities, production nf goods and services in foreign affiliates for sale either abroad or at home, international flows of technology, and temporary movements of labour across borders. Although the so-called new issues in the Uruguay Round do not cover all of these matters, they go a considerable way in making the GATT more relevant for dealing with the problems of increasing internationalization.

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Supervisi pendidikan

10.31227/osf.io/yzd8j ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

nurul atika

Keyword(s):

Public Relations ◽

Educational Administration ◽

Educational Goals ◽

Literature Study ◽

School Officials ◽

Sourcing Strategies ◽

Educational Supervision ◽

Education Personnel ◽

And Performance

Abstrak- In general, this study aims to determine and analyze the role of supervision in an education. This research uses the literature study method by collecting literature (material materials) sourced from books, journals, and other sources related to the science of Educational Administration. Supervision comes from the word super and vision, which means to see and review from above or view and assess from above, which is carried out by superiors on the activities, creativity and performance of subordinates. In terms of terms, in Carter's Good Dictionary Education, supervision is all the efforts of school officials in leading teachers and other education personnel to improve teaching. These include stimulating, selecting the growth and development of teachers' positions, selecting and revising educational goals, teaching materials and teaching methods, and evaluating teaching. Educational supervision has very important goals and benefits. The scope of educational supervision includes the following: Managerial supervision of the curriculum, Managerial supervision of student affairs, Managerial supervision of educators and education personnel, Managerial supervision of facilities and infrastructure, Managerial supervision of finance, Managerial supervision of public relations, Managerial supervision of administration, Administration supervision academics about learning, related to methods, sourcing strategies, and evaluations.

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