The conceptualisation of educational supervision in a National Psychiatry Residency Training Program

Introduction: Development of expertise and counselling skills in psychiatry can be mastered only with effective supervision and mentoring. The conceptualisations of educational supervision amongst supervisors and residents were explored in this study to understand how supervisory roles may have been affected by the adoption of competency-based psychiatry residency training. Methods: A qualitative research approach with thematic analysis was adopted. Individual in-depth interviews using a semi-structured interview guide with a purposive sample of six supervisors and six newly graduated residents were conducted. Transcripts of the interview were analysed and coded using the Atlas Ti software. Results: Four major themes emerged from analysis of the transcripts: (1) Meaning and definition of supervision; (2) Expectations and responsibilities of the educational supervisor; (3) Elusiveness of mentoring elements in educational supervision and (4) Personal and professional development of residents in supervision. Supervisors and residents perceived educational supervision narrowly to be transactional with acquisition of knowledge and skills, but residents yearned for more relational interactions. Conclusion: This study showed that the roles and functions of supervisors in educational supervision were unclear. It also highlighted the lack of a mentoring orientation in supervision in the psychiatry residency training program. An emphasis on assessment of competencies might have contributed to tension in the supervisory relationship and lack of a mentoring role, with concerns on residents’ personal and professional identity development in their psychiatry training.

PENINGKATAN KINERJA GURU MELALUI SUPERVISI EDUKATIF SEMESTER I SD NEGERI DOMBO 1 KECAMATAN SAYUNG KABUPATEN DEMAK TAHUN PELAJARAN 2021/2022

This study aims to 1) Improve Teacher Performance at SD Negeri Dombo 1 through educational supervision. 2) Describe the steps of collaborative educational supervisionperiodically in preparing learning implementation plans, implementing learning, assessing learning achievement, carrying out follow-up assessments of student achievement that can improve teacher performance. This performance improvement is carried out through periodic collaborative educational supervision.This action research was conducted on 16 teachers of SD Negeri Dombo 1, Sayung District, Demak Regency. The action research was carried out from September 2021 to November 2021. The research design used is an action research design (reserch) whose flow is: making an action plan, implementing the action, and reflecting on the implementation of the action. The results of these reflections are used as guidelines for making decisions to continue or stop the research. The research was carried out in a spiral in cycles until the second cycle. The research data are in the form of observation notes, field notes, planning documentation and supervision results. The main data collection instrument is the researcher, while the supporting instruments are observation and documentation guidelines. Data analysis was carried out using qualitative and quantitative techniques.The results showed that the teacher's performance increased after the action in the form of direct educative supervision was carried out from cycle I to cycle II. These improvements include improvements in preparing lesson plans, implementing learning, assessing learning achievement, carrying out follow-up assessments of student achievement Based on the results of educative supervision in cycle I and cycle II, teacher performance increased, namely in cycle I, teacher performance in preparing learning plans for cycle I reached 76%, while in cycle II it was 91%. The teacher's performance in implementing the learning cycle I reached 71% while the second cycle reached 89%. Teacher performance in assessing learning achievement in the first cycle reached 70% while the second cycle was 90%. Teacher performance in carrying out follow-up assessments of student achievement in the first cycle reached 54% while the second cycle was 84%. Thus, the average cycle II action was already above 75%. Based on the results of the action research, it can be concluded that the teacher's performance increases in preparing lesson plans, implementing learning, assessing learning achievement, carrying out follow-up assessments of student achievement. For this reason, researchers suggest that schools carry out educational supervision. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan ingin Meningkatakan Kinerja Guru SD Negei Dombo 1 melalui supervisi edukatif. Mendeskripsikan langkah-langkah supervisi edukatif kolaboratif secara periodik dalam menyusun Rencana Pelaksanaan pembelajaran, melaksanakan pembelajaran, menilai prestasi belajar, melaksanakan tindak lanjut penilaian prestasi belajar siswa yang dapat meningkatkan kinerja guru. Peningkatan kinerja ini melalui supervisi edukatif kolaboratif secara periodik. Penelitian tindakan Sekolah ini dilakukan terhadap guru SD Negeri Dombo 1, Kecamatan Sayung Kabupaten Demak yang berjumlah 16 orang. Penelitian tindakan dilaksanakan mulai bulan September 2021 sampai dengan November 2021. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan penelitian tindakan (reserch) yang alurnya: membuat rencana tindakan, melaksankan tindakan, dan refleksi pelaksanaan tindakan. Hasil refleksi tersebut digunakan sebagai pedoman untuk pengambilan keputusan melanjutkan atau menghentikan penelitian. Penelitian dilakukan secara spiral dalam siklus-siklus sampai siklus kedua. Data penelitian berupa catatan hasil pengamatan, catatan lapangan, dokumentasi perencanaan dan hasil supervisi. Instrumen pengumpul data utama adalah peneliti, sedangkan instrument penunjangnya adalah pedoman observasi, dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan teknik kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja guru meningkat setelah dilakukan tindakan yang berupa supervisi edukatif secara langsung dari siklus I ke siklus II. Peningkatan tersebut meliputi peningkatan dalam menyusun rencana pembelajaran, melaksanakan pembelajaran, menilai prestasi belajar, melaksanakan tindak lanjut penilaian prestasi belajar siswa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tindakan tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa kinerja guru meningkat dalam menyusun rencana pembelajaran, melaksanakan pembelajaran, menilai prestasi belajar, melaksanakan tindak lanjut penilaian prestasi belajar siswa. Untuk itu, peneliti menyarankan agar di sekolah-sekolah melaksanakan supervisi edukatif.

The degree to which educational supervisors possess the ethics of the profession from the teachers' point of view in the Hebron governorate: درجة امتلاك المشرفين التربويين لأخلاقيات المهنة من وجهة نظر المعلمين

This study aimed to investigate the degree to which educational supervisors possess professional ethics from the teachers ’point of view in the Hebron Governorate. This study was conducted on all school teachers in the Hebron governorates in the second semester of the academic year 2020/2021 on a sample consisting of (505) teachers. The researcher used the descriptive approach, where by the researcher built the study tool, which relates to the degree of educational supervisors ’ownership of professional ethics from the teachers’ point of view in the Hebron governorate. The researcher made sure of the validity and reliability of the tool. The study found that the degree to which educational supervisors possessed professional ethics from the teachers ’point of view in the Hebron governorate came to a large extent, and there were differences in the degree to which educational supervisors possessed professional ethics from the teachers’ viewpoint in the Hebron governorate depending on the gender variable and in favor of males, and according to the educational qualification variable and in favor of the academic qualification. Master's degree or higher, according to the variable of years of experience and in favor of years of experience (5-10) years, and according to the variable of the teacher’s teaching phase and for the kindergarten phase, and according to the directorate’s variable and in favor of the Yatta district Based on the results of the study, the researcher recommended: Paying attention to the educational supervision process at all levels and fields, giving value to the supervisor's report by granting incentives to teachers, increasing the number of supervisors in all directorates, and increasing the number of supervisors' visits to teachers.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATIONAL SUPERVISION IN PANDEMIC ERA COVID-19

This survey aims to determine the effectiveness of educational supervision in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic. The survey was conducted in two different locations/districts, namely in Central Lombok and East Lombok, involving 250 educators who were chosen randomly. The focus of the survey consists of three important aspects in educational supervision, namely the existence of supervision in schools, the level of attendance of supervisors and the usefulness of directions given by supervisors to educators and education staffs. The survey results concluded that supervision at schools was carried out internally and externally with varying levels of supervisor attendance to provide direction to educators and education staffs. The frequency of attendance of the internal supervisor (Principal) is considered more intense (71%) than other supervisors. Likewise, the directions given are considered more useful by 85% of respondents than the directions given by other supervisors. To maximize this, supervisors are expected to be able to work even more optimally and be able to provide constructive and relevant directions to the existing situation and conditions.

The reality of the application of educational supervisors Modern technology programs in educational supervision in Sabya Education Department: واقع تطبيق المشرفين التربويين لبرامج التقنية الحديثة في الإشراف التربوي بإدارة تعليم صبيا

The aim of the research is to uncover the reality of the educational supervisors ’application of modern technology programs in educational supervision in the Sabya Education Administration. The research used the descriptive approach, and a questionnaire was applied on a sample of supervisors and supervisors in a boy’s education department amounting to (342) members. The research resulted in a number of results, including: The approval of the research sample, with a "large" degree, regarding the application of the educational supervisors at the Sabia Education Department of the Nur system; And the application of the virtual classroom program, and the absence of statistically significant differences at the function level (0.05≥α) between the averages of the responses of the individuals of the research sample on the application of the educational supervisors in the Department of Education in Sabya to the application of (Noor system, and virtual classes) in the educational supervision in the Department of Education in Sabya according to gender variables (Male, female)، Specialization (theoretical, scientific)، In light of these results, the research concluded the construction of a proposed training program to qualify the educational supervisors to apply modern technology programs in educational supervision in the Department of Sabya Education, and it consisted of a number of elements, namely: evidence of justification, philosophy, importance, general objective and objectives of the program in detail, foundations and criteria for designing the program The trainer's specifications, program management, training methods used, mechanisms of its success, implementation strategies, program evaluation, design of the training program and its content, and program evaluation; The researchers also recommended a number of recommendations, including: the involvement of educational supervisors and supervisors to participate in developing training plans for them in light of their actual needs to benefit from their experiences, cooperation between the Training Department of the Department of Education in Sabya and community training institutions to benefit from their experiences in this field.

Efektifitas Supervisi Pengawas Madrasah di Kementerian Agama Provinsi Kepri Perspektif Kontemporer

This paper discusses the effectiveness of supervision carried out by madrasa supervisors in the Ministry of Religion of the Kepulauan Riau Province from a contemporary perspective. The problem is that in the Kepulauan Riau Province there is an imbalance between the number of madrasas and the number of supervisors needed. One thing that is interesting is how the management of educational supervision is carried out while the number of supervisors has not been reached. This research is categorized as field research with qualitative research methods. The data were taken from direct observations at the research location, namely at the Ministry of Religion of the Kepulauan Riau Province and in madrasas. The nature of this research is descriptive-analytical research which aims to accurately describe and analyze the supervision carried out by madrasa supervisors at the Ministry of Religion of the Kepulauan Riau Province. From the data collected, it was found that those who act as madrasa supervisors within the Ministry of Religion of the Kepulauan Riau Province are mostly madrasa heads. Therefore, in addition to serving as a leader in his madrasa, the madrasa principal is also expected to be able to understand and be able to carry out supervision properly. With such conditions, adequate competence is needed that must be possessed by a madrasa supervisor who doubles as the head of the madrasa. So that the supervision carried out can run effectively.

THE EFFECT OF EDUCATION SUPERVISION BY THE PRINCIPAL OF MTS NU AL HAMIDIYAH LANGKAPLANCAR PANGANDARAN TEACHER PERFORMANCE IN SCHOOL

This journal conducts research, which aims to find out and clarify how the effect of the implementation of educational supervision by the principal on the performance of teachers in schools. Conducting research using one approach, namely quantitative approach and expost facto type. Teachers in schools became the subject of research by taking a sample of 180 teachers, using proportional random sampling technique, and using a questionnaire about the implementation of educational supervision by the principal and data on the results of teacher performance assessments owned by the school. And from the research and assessment, it can be seen that the implementation of educational supervision by the principal does not have a positive effect on teacher performance and the implementation of educational supervision by the principal has a weak or even very weak effect on the performance of teachers in schools.

The reality of educational supervision in Najran from the point view of secondary school teachers and principals and their attitudes towards it: واقع الإشراف التربوي في مدينة نجران من وجهة نظر معلمي وقائدي المدارس الثانوية واتجاهاتهم نحوه

The study aimed to identify the reality of educational supervision in Najran city from of secondary school teachers and principals point of view, the descriptive survey approach was used, and questionnaire consisting of (3) main areas and (32) paragraphs, applied to a sample of (282) school principals and teachers, including (226) teachers and (56) school principals of both sexes who work in secondary school education, The results indicated that the sample estimates of the reality of supervision at the level of the whole tool; got an overall average (3.25 out of 5), meaning a (medium) practice score, and the level of the three areas, they were in order; The field of educational supervision goals with the highest average (3.33), then the field of supervision methods with an arithmetic average (3.31), finally the field of supervisors' roles with an average of (3.14), all of which were of a medium degree, and the results indicated that there were differences in the attitudes of secondary school teachers and managers towards supervision for a variable. The job is on the total degree only without the fields and was in favor of the school leaders, and the results showed that there were no differences in the reality of supervision between teachers and leaders of the secondary stage towards supervision according to the gender variable, while there were differences in the reality of supervision according to the experience variable on the total degree of performance As well as on the three areas of the tool in favor of those with less experience (10 years or less) The results also showed that there are differences in the reality of supervision depending on the educational qualification variable in the first and second fields and in favor of the bachelor, as for the total degree and the third field of the tool, it was not Significant differences appear statistically. Based on the results, the researcher presented a set of recommendations and proposals for developing educational supervision in the city of Najran and the whole of the Kingdom.

PEMANFAATAN SUPERVISI EDUKATIF KOLABORATIF SECARA PERIODIK SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN KINERJA GURU DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DI KELAS SMP NEGERI 3 IBUN

The Purpose of the study is describing the steps of collaborative educative supervision periodically in preparing learning plans, implementing, assessing learning achievement, carrying out follow-up on student learning achievements that can improve teacher performance. This research was carried out at SMP Negeri 3 Ibun, Bandung Regency, starting from supervision on March 7th. until September 2018 This performance improvement is carried out through periodic collaborative educational supervision. The data collection method in this study consisted of four main activities, namely initial data collection, data analysis results at the end of each cycle, as well as other responses from teachers to the implementation of collaborative educational supervision. Based on the results of these studies, it can be concluded that teacher performance increases in preparing lesson plans, implementing learning, assessing learning achievement, carrying out follow-up assessments of student achievement.