Analysis Of Salt Production Location Using The Salt Location Suitability Index To Apply The Continuously Dynamic Mixing In The Greenhouse Salt Tunnel In North Aceh And East Aceh

One of the main potentials of marine resources in Indonesia is salt. Salt production locations are located in various regions of Indonesia. Aceh Province is one of the leading salt-producing areas on the island of Sumatra. Salt production in Aceh faces various challenges, such as the production system and salt production locations' suitability. Therefore, to develop salt production in Aceh, analysis of the production system and suitability of salt production sites are fundamental. This study aims to analyze the production system and the suitability of salt production locations in North Aceh Regency and East Aceh Regency as salt production centers in Aceh Province. This research uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods (mixed method) with a descriptive approach. Production system analysis is carried out through direct observation and in-depth interviews with the stakeholders (government and salt farmers). Analysis of the salt location's suitability level was carried out using the Salt Suitability Index (SSI) method. This study shows that the production system in North Aceh and East Aceh districts uses three production methods consisting of boiling seawater, solar evaporation, and a combination of boiling and solar evaporation. The main obstacle to salt production in Aceh is the weather, such as high rainfall and fluctuations throughout the year. Analysis of the suitability of the location of salt production shows the value of the SSI at the salt ponds site in the North Aceh and the East Aceh Regencies is 80% which indicates that the locations are sufficiently appropriate as a salt production site. The results of this study show that the application of the Continuously Dynamic Mixing (CDM) method in Greenhouse Salt Tunnel (GST) technology may be used to improve the quality and quantity of salt production in Aceh.

The Recording Industry as the Enemy? A Case Study of Early West German Metal Music

Rock and metal music have a complex relationship with the entertainment industries. They rely on commodified products but are also cautious towards the capitalist system with its instrumentalist mechanisms. This article examines early metal music from West Germany in the 1980s with its rock precursors in the 1970s to shed light on the music industry’s positive side other than the commonly portrayed enemy or villain image. Using journalistic sources, including magazines, biographies, documentaries, besides the music release database Discogs, the research reconstructs the independent recording industry for metal, examining key record companies, distribution channels and production staff, as well as their principles and intentions. The findings suggest that in the formative phase of German metal, the boundaries were blurred between fans, artists and entrepreneurs, most acting out of a passion for music. Fan practices, such as music-making, journalistic writing or tape trading, became serious leisure careers, eventually enabling some of the bands, journalists and entrepreneurs to make a living from their metal-related activities; others remained “semi-professional”. Communal spirit characterised German metal, and most of “the industry” worked together with the scene. The joint efforts made it possible for Germany to develop from a weak production location for subcultural rock music compared to the dominant cultures of the USA and UK to one of the leading recording industries for metal music. Rather than “the enemy” with manipulative intentions, the independent metal industry was a cultural intermediary and enabler of subcultural production and consumption.

Regional brands produced beyond the region: An analysis of beer brands from recently closed breweries in Europe

Global industry has been undergoing changes in the concentration of brand ownership and production, with acquisitions and closures being a major factor in this evolution. The impacts of such activities are commonly studied from an economic perspective and from the perspective of internal firm-level and deal-level factors, while the influence of external geographical factors is largely neglected. Our research focuses mainly on the importance of geographical cultural factors affecting beer brands whose production location was moved after the closure of the original breweries. The research includes a complete sample of 30 brands from recently closed breweries across Europe. Brands are divided into seven categories according to how their marketing strategy has (or has not) changed in terms of exploiting regional and national identity. The overall success of these brands is then measured in terms of the development of their share in the home countries’ markets. Differences in brands’ strategies and successes are explained through a wide range of country-level factors and the individual characteristics of the breweries. It is shown that the level of beer tradition or identity in the countries, as well as the country’s beer life-cycle position, plays a crucial role in the evolution of the studied brands.

Optimalisasi aspek teknis pada perancangan bisnis Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO)

[Bahasa]: Desa Rejosari adalah salah satu Desa di Kabupaten Purworejo, Jawa Tengah yang memiliki potensi sumber daya alam (SDA) berupa pohon kelapa. Akan tetapi, pemanfaatan yang tidak maksimal sering mengakibatkan pembuangan kelapa disebabkan jumlah panen yang berlebih. Untuk mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan SDA tersebut, dilakukan perancangan bisnis produksi Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO). Pengabdian fokus pada aspek teknis yang meliputi pemilihan lokasi produksi dengan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), analisis aliran produksi VCO, layout design, dan penentuan jumlah pekerja dan peralatan yang optimal berbasis simulasi. Hasil pemilihan lokasi produksi pada program pengabdian ini menunjukkan bahwa lokasi yang terletak di samping SMK VIP Maarif NU 1 Kemiri merupakan lokasi yang paling optimal dilihat dari kriteria kemudahan akses, luas bangunan, dan ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana. Kemudian untuk memenuhi permintaan selama 4 bulan ke depan, diperlukan 13 orang pekerja beserta peralatan yang mendukung proses produksi dengan investasi serendah mungkin. Selanjutnya layout dari lantai produksi VCO dirancang dengan pertimbangan dapat menghasilkan jarak seminimal mungkin sehingga mampu meningkatkan efisiensi serta mempermudah jalan keluar-masuk barang. Hasil analisis teknis kemudian disimulasikan menggunakan software Flexsim versi 2021 dan menunjukkan bahwa perancangan bisnis VCO telah mencapai hasil efektif dilihat dari ketercapaian output produksi dan efisien dilihat dari utilisasi pekerja. Uji coba produksi serta penyuluhan telah dilakukan sebagai bukti validasi. Kata Kunci: Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), perancangan bisnis, simulasi, Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) [English]: Rejosari Village is one of the villages in Purworejo Regency, Central Java, which has natural resource potential (SDA) in the form of coconut trees. However, the disposal of coconuts due to the excessive harvest and lack of utilization often happens. A Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) production business was designed to optimize the utility of natural resources. This community service focuses on technical aspects analysis including the selection of production location using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, VCO production flow analysis, layout design, and the determination of the optimal number of workers and equipment based on simulation. The result of the production location selection indicates that the location next to the Vocational High School Maarif NU 1 Kemiri is the most optimal location seen from the criteria of easy access, building area, and availability of facilities and infrastructure. Then to meet the demand for the next 4 months, it requires 13 workers along with equipment that supports the production process with the lowest possible investment. Furthermore, the layout of the VCO production floor was designed with the consideration that it could produce a minimum distance to increase efficiency and facilitate the passage of goods in and out. The results of the technical analysis were then simulated using the Flexsim software and showed that the VCO business design has achieved effectiveness examined from the achievement of production output and efficiency from optimum workers utilization. Production trials and socialization were carried out as a validation evidence. Keywords: Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), business design, simulation, Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO)

Global value chains, import orientation, and the state: South Africa’s pharmaceutical industry

As opposed to the predominant focus of global value chain (GVC) research on export-oriented contexts, this article examines the prospects for development in places where the dominant form of engagement with GVCs is import-oriented. Through the case of South Africa’s pharmaceutical industry, this analysis demonstrates the challenge for local manufacturing to compete, and the associated state policy responses, in a place which is largely plugged into GVCs as an end market rather than as a production location. As multinationals have concentrated production elsewhere, South Africa’s manufacturing capacity in the pharmaceutical industry has relatively declined in recent decades. Having struggled in its facilitator role, the South African state’s efforts to promote local manufacturing have turned to the producer role through a state-owned company and especially the buyer role through public procurement. Motivations for state policy in this context, however, must navigate the tension which sometimes exists between the industrial interest in local manufacturing and the consumer and health policy interest in access to medicines. The experience of South Africa’s pharmaceutical industry points to the wider challenge and consequences of import-oriented engagement with GVCs for local industrial development.

SOLUTION OF PRODUCTION LOCATION PROBLEM WITH UNHOMOGENEOUS TRANSPORTATION COSTS

In the work, an economic and mathematical model is formed for the problem of determining the optimal plan for production, transportation and processing of products according to the criterion of the minimum total costs. The functions that determine the dependence of the cost of manufactured products on the volume of production and the costs of processing products are linear, and the function that determines the dependence of transport costs on the volume of transported products is discontinuous at zero. Sufficient conditions for the applicability of the method of sequential calculations to the formulated problem are proved.

Evaluation of reservoir performance by waterflooding: case based on Lanea oilfield, Chad

The research of the current study is primarily focused on evaluating the reservoir performance by utilizing waterflood technique, based on a case study at Lanea oil field located in Chad; various mechanisms along with approaches were used in considering the best suitable pattern for waterflooding. All the simulation work was compared against a base case, where there was no involvement of water injection. Moreover, for the base case, a significant amount of oil left behind and cannot be swept, because of lower reservoir pressure at the downhill. The recovery factor obtained was in the range of 14.5–15% since 2010, and in order to enhance the oil production, an injection well was applied to boost the reservoir pressure; oil recovery is improved. In addition, sensitivity analysis study was performed to reach the optimum production behavior achieved by possible EOR method. Parameters, such as grid test, injection position, proper selection production location, permeability, and voidage substitution, were defined in the simulation study.

Ergonomic analysis through good manufacturing practice (gmp) training (case: Binjai MSME)

The work environment is one of the most important factors in production. In this paper, a study was conducted on the work environment in MSMEs to determine the safety and health of the work environment in producing products. Specifically, the study was conducted to see the deviation in the application of GMP in MSME. The subjects were 30 MSMEs involved in the research from Binjai Municipalities. This study uses a qualitative analysis method that aims to evaluate the level of application of 14 aspects of GMP and find out the understanding of MSMEs on aspects of GMP. The analysis results show that the types of products with the most considerable deviations from the GMP aspect are Bakery Products and Ready-to-Eat Snacks MSMEs. However, overall, the most urgent aspects to improve are Aspect Process control and Production Location and Environment. The deviation results can reach 100%, indicating that GMP implementation is lacking or does not apply GMP.

Consumer Boycotts, Country of Origin, and Product Competition: Evidence from China’s Automobile Market

Triggered by a territorial dispute as well as historical animosity, a nationwide civilian boycott of Japanese products took place in China in the summer of 2012. Using detailed data on vehicle sales in four major Chinese cities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Nanjing), this study investigates the impact of boycotts on sales and advertising effectiveness of products from different countries of origin. The boycott dramatically reduced the market share of Japanese brands and benefitted Chinese and non-Japanese foreign brands. Consumer switching to other brands accounted for the majority of the loss in sales. Advertising became less effective for Japanese brands during the boycott but more effective for non-Japanese brands, especially at the parent-brand level (e.g., Toyota) than sub-brand level (e.g., Camry). The sales impacts were strongest in Nanjing, the city that had the most atrocious war experience with Japan during the Battle of Nanjing in 1937, and weakest in Beijing, where local government agencies explicitly discouraged public demonstrations. Finally, although the decline in sales of Japanese brands did not vary by quality or production location, competing non-Japanese brands that were had better quality or were manufactured locally benefitted more. This paper was accepted by Juanjuan Zhang, marketing.