Localization of sensory mechanisms utilized by coral planulae to detect settlement cues

2013 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cawa Tran ◽  
Michael G. Hadfield
Keyword(s):  
Settlement Cues ◽  
Sensory Mechanisms

TONIC ACTIVITY AND GRAVITATIONAL CONTROL OF THE POSTURAL MUSCLE

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 58-72
Author(s):  
B.S. Shenkman ◽  
◽  
T.M. Mirzoev ◽  
I.B. Kozlovskaya ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Tonic Activity ◽  
Postural Muscle ◽  
Continuous Work ◽  
Tonic System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Almost Continuous ◽  
Fundamental Conclusion ◽  
Sensory Mechanisms

The review is an attempt to describe and give a meaning to the accumulated data about the mechanisms controlling the structure and functionality of the postural muscle the almost continuous work of which makes it possible for the humans and animals to exist actively on Earth's surface. A great bulk of these data was obtained, described and systematized by professor I.B. Kozlovskaya and her pupils. A body of the most interesting facts and regularities was documented in other laboratories and research centers, quite often under the influence of ideas suggested by I.B. Kozlovskaya. The concept of the tonic system, that is, an integral physiological apparatus comprising not only slow and fast muscular fibers and small controlling motoneurons but also a complex of the brain (up to and including the striatum and motor cortex) and sensory mechanisms, constitutes the most important parts of her theoretical legacy. The fundamental conclusion of this review is that the gravity-dependent tonic contracting activity of the postural muscle controlled by the nervous system and afferent mechanisms is key to maintaining its structure, signal pathways and mechanic properties crucial for its constant anti-gravity activity.

scholarly journals Social cues facilitate habitat selection: American redstarts establish breeding territories in response to song

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth A Hahn ◽  
Emily D Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Conspecific Attraction ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Settlement Cues ◽  
Migratory Songbirds ◽  
American Redstarts ◽  
Spring Arrival ◽  
Northern Temperate Forests

For migratory songbirds nesting in northern temperate forests, a short breeding season demands that males rapidly establish territories. Because critical insect and vegetation resources are unavailable during spring arrival, we suggest that conspecifics serve as settlement cues for males new to a local population. To test conspecific attraction, we conducted playback experiments with American redstarts Setophaga ruticilla . Experimental results demonstrate that song playbacks strongly attract conspecifics, recruiting an average of 4.2 additional males per plot; adult males new to our sites increased, while yearling males failed to respond. Yearlings arrived 6 to 10 days later than adults, raising the possibility that yearlings responded to songs of early arriving adults rather than to playbacks. Our work indicates that conspecific attraction is an important mechanism for breeding habitat selection in an established population of a migratory forest songbird, but the effect is moderated by age, reproductive experience and arrival timing.

Motor and sensory mechanisms of feeding inPleurobranchaea

1974 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 545-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Lee ◽  
Richard J. Liegeois
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Mechanisms

Olfactory Stimuli and Oviposition in the Blowfly, Phormia Regina Meigen

1962 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-615
Author(s):  
D. I. WALLIS
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Receptors ◽  
Phormia Regina ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Egg Distribution ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Olfactory Stimuli ◽  
Behavioural Experiments ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Sensory Mechanisms

1. The work described attempts to elucidate the sensory mechanisms involved in the act of oviposition. 2. A brief account of the morphology of the ovipositor and the distribution of the various sensilla on it is given. 3. Behavioural experiments have shown unequivocally that receptors on the anal leaflets of the ovipositor are olfactory and can mediate oviposition. Flies are able to discriminate when antennal, palp and labellar receptors are blocked, but not when the ovipositor pegs are waxed over as well. A method for waxing the latter is described. 4. Sensilla on the antennae, labellum and ovipositor perceive the olfactory stimuli which are important in inducing oviposition. Possibly there are olfactory receptors at other sites which mediate other types of behaviour. 5. Tactile stimuli perceived mainly through sensilla on the ovipositor can play an important role in egg distribution and a minor role, possibly, in inducing oviposition. 6. All the evidence suggests the pegs are the olfactory receptors on the ovipositor which mediate oviposition. 7. A summary of factors known or suspected to influence oviposition is given.

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