The Effects of Climate Extremes on Health: A Literature Review

We assess contemporary research on the societal implications of catastrophic weather events during the previous century, and we link it to changes in associated meteorological phenomena. The fundamental conclusion drawn from the literature is that most studies find that climate extremes cause significant losses in health, as measured by excess mortality. Most estimates of the costs of weather and climatic extremes show rising losses over the last several decades. The majority of related weather and climate extremes, on the other hand, show no comparable increases over time. This shows that rising losses are mostly the result of increased susceptibility as a result of a range of developments, such as an increase in population in high-risk coastal areas.

La presunción de inocencia y la pena anticipada en el proceso penal ecuatoriano

Introducción. El tema de la presunción de inocencia y la pena anticipada en el proceso penal, pretende analizar en el ejercicio práctico, la pertinencia de la aplicación de figuras jurídico penales como, la prisión preventiva y la concepción de pena anticipada, atentatoria al principio fundamental de presunción de inocencia. Tomando en consideración que, el sistema acusatorio adversarial posee varias fases y etapas de ejecución en las cuales debe coexistir de manera ineludible la aplicación de principios y garantías fundamentales en todo proceso penal. De este modo ante la observación de campo en el libre ejercicio profesional y la revisión bibliográfica, se estructura el presente artículo que tiene como objetivo, conocer la aplicación práctica de la presunción de inocencia y cómo incide la aplicación de la prisión preventiva en la concepción de pena anticipada y consecuentemente, en la vulneración y/o transgresión de derechos fundamentales en el proceso penal. Metodología. Para llegar a estos resultados se ha empleado métodos de investigación como la revisión bibliográfica, el análisis documental, el deductivo-inductivo, el crítico-propositivo, todos los que conduzcan a constatar la presencia de una vulneración al principio de presunción de inocencia como norma garantista del proceso penal, profundizando la tutela judicial efectiva en las actuaciones de administración de justicia. Resultado. Entre los resultados cualitativos se desprende que el principio de presunción de inocencia es quebrantado desde el momento de la aprensión y perdura en varias fases del proceso penal, ya que a partir de la privación de libertad se coarta o limita derechos de libertad y movilidad consagrados en la carta fundamental. Conclusión. La privación de libertad y movilidad, se convierten en una pena anticipada que vulnera la presunción de inocencia como un principio garantista.

التجربة التنموية في العراق بين حقائق الفشل ومقومات النجاح

The Iraqi development experience is an arena of conflict, in which the roles of self-motivations and external motives are exchanged to root the landmarks of underdevelopment or create elements of success, since according to the indicators of progress derived from global development experiences, the Iraqi economy was at a stagnant position, not approaching the standard image of progress by about a few meters away from it. The reason in all cases is external in general, and to reach an accurate understanding of the subjective and objective debate in thwarting the Iraqi development process, we decided to study it through two axes: The first axis: economic challenges. The second axis: civil challenges. We have concluded from our study to a fundamental conclusion that “indicators of authority as the essential engine of development work have remained far from“ rationality and effectiveness, ”thus Iraq occupied an advanced position in the list of the most fragile states that both caused and died at the same time

Diagnóstico de la logística de las microempresas de la Amazonia ecuatoriana, adecuación matemática

Caracterizar el estado de la logística constituye un soporte para trazar estrategias de desarrollo, tanto a nivel del sector empresarial como en la formación del potencial humano. El objetivo del artículo es demostrar cómo la utilización de los modelos de referencia de la logística y su adecuación matemática permite caracterizar el estado de la temática con sus particularidades en las microempresas en el contexto ecuatoriano. Se utilizan encuestas, el análisis y la síntesis, y la estadística para el diagnóstico. El resultado principal es la caracterización del estado de la logística en una muestra de empresas que es estadísticamente significativa. Como conclusión fundamental se obtuvo que los modelos de referencia desarrollados constituyen instrumentos de gran utilidad y validez para caracterizar el estado de la gestión logística en las condiciones de las empresas de la amazonia ecuatoriana, así como una guía para trazar estrategias para su desarrollo. Palabras clave: logística, micro empresas, índice, gestión, modelo. ABSTRACT Characterizing the state of logistics constitutes a support to draw development strategies, both at the level of the business sector and in the training of human potential. The objective of the article is to demonstrate how the use of the logistics reference models and their mathematical adequacy allows characterizing the state of the subject with its particularities in micro-enterprises in the Ecuadorian context. Surveys, analysis and synthesis, and statistics are used for diagnosis. The main result is the characterization of the state of logistics in a sample of companies that is statistically significant. As a fundamental conclusion, it was obtained that the reference models developed constitute highly useful and valid instruments to characterize the state of logistics management in the conditions of companies in the Ecuadorian Amazon, as well as a guide to draw strategies for their developing.Keywords: logistics, micro enterpris-es, index, management, model. Keywords: logistics, micro companies, index.

The Cross-Complaint Procedure as a Result of Law Making of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation

The subject of research is critical analysis of legal position of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on the need to go through the pre-claim procedure when filing a counterclaim. The reason for the analysis was the adoption on July 22, 2020 by the Presidium of the Russian Supreme Court of the Review of the practice of application by commercial courts of the provisions of procedural legislation on mandatory pre-trial claim. Point 17 of this document enshrined as a general rule the obligation of the defendant to file a pre-trial claim upon filing a counterclaim. The article shows the inexpediency and absence of any clear grounds for such an approach. Particular attention is paid to the fact that the nature of the pre-trial claim and the nature of the counterclaim are incompatible. Those exceptions were also criticized for which, according to the instructions of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, a counter-claim procedure is not needed. Thus, the article comes to a fundamental conclusion that there is no need to comply with the claim procedure when filing a counterclaim. Along with this, the study touches upon other issues raised in connection with the adoption of the Review on the complaint procedure: about judicial lawmaking and the quality of clarifications of the highest court instance.

Education by art: Self-education in preschool and the 1st cycle of basic education

The study emerged in the context of the curricular unit of Education by Art inserted in the Master’s degree in PE Education (Pré-escolar) and 1st CEB (Ciclo do Ensino Básico), with the sharing of students. The activities provided in the EP and the 1st CEB contribute to the formation of children in the construction of their own knowledge and knowledge, stimulating curiosity, imagination and creativity; hence the role played by Education by Art, an ideal vehicle for the autonomy and self-education of children and students. We highlight two objectives of the study: to associate it with the promotion of self-education and to justify the dimension of Art therapy in school and non-school contexts. We were able to obtain a qualitative and quantitative methodology through a sample of 151 teachers and students from the higher education institution to which we belong. Fifty-six individuals (37% of the sample) answered the survey, via Google Forms, a utilitarian model, but with some constraints in reading some dimensions. We have recorded some considerable results: Artistic Education still has a strong impact on the educational system; Art Education conquers space in a journey where interdisciplinarity, multidisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity constitute an irreversible path; Art therapy obtains a high appreciation from respondents, deserving of an in-depth study. RCAAP (Repositórios Científicos de Acesso Aberto de Portugal) and Google Scholar were the capital platforms for the solidification of the theoretical foundation. We consider a fundamental conclusion: the artistic dimensions will be more visible with a basic positional reinforcement (educators, teachers and groupings) through a solid collaboration in the Arts/Expressions in order to reach a high level in Education for Art, moment, among others, in which the child will feel the benefits of self-education.

Dilemmas and advances in post-conflict in Colombia: a look from the subaltern perspective of peace (s) in the territories

The emergence of building a popular culture, based on the ethical-political imperative that links the demands, needs and struggles of those below, constitutes an aspect that configures the dynamics of re-existence of social groups in their different realities. On reflection of this is the peace process signed between the Farc-Ep guerrilla group / party and the Colombian government. Thus, the objective of the following article is to conduct a theoretical-conceptual discussion about the dilemmas and advances that coexist in the Colombian post-conflict, from a subaltern perspective of peace (ces) in the territories, taking into account the proposals theoreticians of peace scholars like Alonso (2013); Márquez Fernández, Á. (2018a) , who consider the need to question from a critical perspective the dynamics of peace (s), created in the territories. The methodology used was collaborative research and critical discourse analysis (Sandoval, 2016a), which starts from generating an intersubjective and horizontal dialogue between the researcher and the social groups. The fundamental conclusion of the investigation was the need to recognize the subject's praxis and his political ethos in terms of building laboratories, spaces and territories of peace from and with those below, that give weight to the logic of violence promoted and exerted from the hegemonic groups in the regions.

Actitudes e imaginarios sobre la jach maya y el xe'ek' maya: dos variantes construidas por algunos hablantes de Mérida, Cancún y Chetumal

A constant focus in the literature about language attitudes concerning the Maya language refers to two variants known as jach Maya and xe'ek' Maya. The objective of this study is to explore Maya speakers’ language attitudes as related imageries about these variants’ users, time and space of use. Speakers from three cities, Mérida, Cancún, and Chetumal, served as informants. The concepts of attitudes and imageries provide the theoretical framework of the investigation. The study applied a semi-structured interview and a sociolinguistic survey, followed by a qualitative inductive analysis. The results show significant differences between the natives of each city. A fundamental conclusion is that both variants feed into the imagery towards the language and promote differentiated attitudes. The inclusion of imageries as constructs alongside attitudes affords an explanation grounded on both subjectivity and objectivity, where the speakers position themselves vis-à-vis ways of understanding the Maya language.

TONIC ACTIVITY AND GRAVITATIONAL CONTROL OF THE POSTURAL MUSCLE

The review is an attempt to describe and give a meaning to the accumulated data about the mechanisms controlling the structure and functionality of the postural muscle the almost continuous work of which makes it possible for the humans and animals to exist actively on Earth's surface. A great bulk of these data was obtained, described and systematized by professor I.B. Kozlovskaya and her pupils. A body of the most interesting facts and regularities was documented in other laboratories and research centers, quite often under the influence of ideas suggested by I.B. Kozlovskaya. The concept of the tonic system, that is, an integral physiological apparatus comprising not only slow and fast muscular fibers and small controlling motoneurons but also a complex of the brain (up to and including the striatum and motor cortex) and sensory mechanisms, constitutes the most important parts of her theoretical legacy. The fundamental conclusion of this review is that the gravity-dependent tonic contracting activity of the postural muscle controlled by the nervous system and afferent mechanisms is key to maintaining its structure, signal pathways and mechanic properties crucial for its constant anti-gravity activity.

THE PATH OF HOPE IN RELATIONSHIPS INVOLVING OLDER ADULTS: THE PERSPECTIVE FROM THE COMPLEXITY OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

ABSTRACT Objective: to reflect on the relationships involving the older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of complexity, envisioning the path of hope. Method: this is a reflection based on the Theory of Complexity, according to Edgar Morin, and on articles addressing the new coronavirus. Results: the experiences during the pandemic showed economic, social, health, cultural, ethical, and moral difficulties in relation to the older adults. Facing the uncertainties of COVID-19 teaches about the attitude towards this inevitable involvement in the individual and collective life, as well as in the history of the country and the world - a problem aggravated by the fears of humanity. Therefore, adapting society and remodeling it with regard to relationships with the older adults can translate into success against the pandemic disease. This induces thought reform, reorganizing the understanding of the older adults, which currently involves scattered, disjoint, compartmentalized, and excluding thinking. This reform is broad, deep, paradigmatic, cultural, ethical, and moral, which strengthens the culture of aging, propagating and democratizing the poetry of living, allowing the older adults to know the beauty of emotions, and to discover their own truths through the masterpieces of their lives. However, this intention presupposes a metamorphosis of individualism, oppression, and exclusion, in whose context gerontological nursing is fundamental. Conclusion: the transformations experienced during the pandemic may be the prelude to changing relationships with the older adults, through multiple reforming and transforming processes that come together, by the strengthening of gerontological nursing. Perhaps the pandemic moment is the beginning of the path of hope for new times of Humanity's dignity.