Egg cannibalism in river blennies: the role of natural prey availability

1999 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1223-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Vinyoles ◽  
I. M. Cote+ ◽  
A. Sostoa
Keyword(s):  
Prey Availability ◽  
Egg Cannibalism ◽  
Natural Prey

Biology and Management of Inland Striped Bass and Hybrid Striped Bass

2013 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Striped Bass ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Mountain Lake ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fish Prey ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors

<em>Abstract</em>.—The stocking of fingerling striped bass <em>Morone saxatilis</em> in freshwater impoundments has led to the development of successful put-grow-take fisheries throughout the southern United States. However, first-year survival of stocked fingerlings is often low. To enhance stocking success of striped bass, a better understanding is needed on the impacts of different stocking strategies on early life-history dynamics. In this review paper, we first examined the existing literature on the role of abiotic and biotic factors on recruitment dynamics of stocked piscivores in inland freshwater systems. Second, we compiled the results of a progressive series of studies that were completed over a 25-year period in Smith Mountain Lake, Virginia, that focused on understanding the relationship between striped bass stocking success and biotic interactions, forage-fish prey availability and dynamics, and first-year recruitment. This case study demonstrated that differential intra-cohort growth and poor first-year winter survival are the primary factors limiting stocking success and that stocking fingerlings at a greater number of sites throughout the lake at lower densities improved recruitment to age 1. With this information, we provide stocking size, time, density, and location strategy recommendations that should yield increased survival and stocking success of striped bass in freshwater impoundments.

Effects of alternative and natural prey on body size, locomotion and dispersal of Neoseiulus bicaudus (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1579-1591
Author(s):  
Jie Su ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
Zhen-Shi Fu ◽  
An-Di Zhu ◽  
Jian Ping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
The Body ◽  
Alternative Prey ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Natural Prey ◽  
Tetranychus Turkestani

Prey are very important for the mass rearing of natural enemies and can affect the efficiency and quality of natural enemy products. Locomotion is important in dispersal of predatory mites on plants, and such activity is affected by body size and prey availability. The study evaluates the effects of prey (alternative prey: Tyrophagus putrescentiae Schrank and natural prey: Tetranychus turkestani Ugarov & Nikolskii) on the body size, locomotion and dispersal of the predatory mite Neoseiulus bicaudus Wainstein. When fed the alternative prey, the body size and locomotion of N. bicaudus were significantly lower than when fed the natural prey. However, the dispersal of N. bicaudus fed the two prey types was similar. The results suggest that long-term feeding on alternative prey could decrease the body size and locomotion of N. bicaudus. Nevertheless, the negative effects of alternative prey did not appear to affect the dispersal of N. bicaudus. The likely reason is that the type of prey does not affect the ability of the predatory mite to locate spider mites. In other words, when it fed alternative prey, N. bicaudus could still successfully disperse and locate spider mite-infested plants in the same way as when fed the natural prey.

scholarly journals Conspecific neighbors and kinship influence egg cannibalism in the green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mubasshir Sohail ◽  
Qadeer Ahmed Soomro ◽  
Muhammad Usman Asif ◽  
Imran Rauf ◽  
Raza Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Video Tracking ◽  
Chrysoperla Carnea ◽  
Sitotroga Cerealella ◽  
Significant Preference ◽  
Green Lacewing ◽  
Egg Cannibalism

Abstract Background Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is an illustrious predator that performs cannibalism upon facing small and defenseless conspecifics. Eating preference of C. carnea larvae was investigated between conspecific and host (Sitotroga cerealella) eggs. Early instars of C. carnea express significant preference toward conspecific eggs over host eggs. Experiments were carried out to examine the role of conspecific neighbors in execution of cannibalistic decision. These cannibalistic behaviors of larvae were also investigated through locomotion bioassays using the video tracking software ANY-maze®. Results Larvae commit low egg cannibalism when alone but express higher cannibalism in the presence of conspecific larvae in the neighborhood. The role of relatedness in egg cannibalism was investigated when larvae were offered a choice between conspecific eggs from related and unrelated parents. Larvae did a discrimination between eggs of their own parents and those of other parents. Conclusion Behavioral bioassays showed attraction toward conspecific eggs and the eggs of unrelated parents. This study emphasizes the significance of informational and descriptive cues that modulate the cannibalistic expression in C. carnea.

Biology and Management of Inland Striped Bass and Hybrid Striped Bass

2013 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Striped Bass ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Habitat Requirements ◽  
Niche Segregation ◽  
Large Fish ◽  
Temperature Selection ◽  
Thermal Niche

<em>Abstract</em>.—Striped bass <em>Morone saxatilis</em>, originally a coastal and estuarine species, has been introduced in reservoirs in the southeastern and western United States. Although such stocking established many successful fisheries, there were troublesome die-offs of adult striped bass (3–9 kg, generally >5 kg) in some waters, usually in late summer. In contrast, juveniles and small adults thrived. In response to these patterns, my students and I conducted several years of telemetry studies of adult striped bass, primarily in Cherokee and Watts Bar reservoirs, Tennessee, and laboratory studies of juvenile temperature selection. In 1985, I published the “temperature–oxygen squeeze” hypothesis to explain mortalities of large fish on the basis of limited availability of cool (<25°C), oxygenated (>2 mg/L) water in summer while juveniles successfully occupied a warmer thermal niche (>25°C). We now have more than 20 years of research and management since 1985, primarily across the Southeast, in which the published hypothesis has, explicitly or not, been tested, generally confirmed, and applied to management. This retrospective paper reviews the studies our team conducted to develop and test the hypothesis and about 20 years of relevant studies by others that have added important nuances, addressed lingering issues, and turned a controversial idea into generally accepted understanding and management practice. Nonetheless, issues remain for understanding the effects of poor summer habitat on striped bass, such as why some studies show striped bass occupying warmer temperatures without mortalities and the role of prey availability in survival of fish obliged to occupy warm water. Other papers in this volume augment and extend the saga of progressively developing knowledge that this paper recalls of striped bass habitat requirements, thermal niche segregation by size (or age), and management constraints and opportunities.

Do macrophytes act as restaurants for fishes in tropical beaches? An approach using stomach content and prey availability analyses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas de Andrade Santos ◽  
Rafael Lima Oliveira ◽  
Ana Paula Penha Guedes ◽  
Alexandre Clistenes de Alcântara Santos ◽  
Leonardo Evangelista Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Stomach Content ◽  
Optimal Foraging ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Optimal Foraging Theory ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Trophic Guild

Tropical sandy beaches have low primary productivity, thus depend on external food sources. Generally, allochthonous macrophytes, form the basis of these food webs, and also may influence factors such as fish’s abundance, richness, species composition, and biomass. However, the role of macrophytes to the feeding ecology of fishes in tropical sandy beaches is uncertain. We aim to explain if this microhabitat acts as restaurants for fishes by performing stomach content and prey availability analyses using Ophioscion punctatissimus as a model because it has an association with detached macrophytes mainly on sandy beaches along the northeastern Brazilian coast. The most consumed prey was crustaceans, mainly amphipods, which were eaten in a specialist way, especially by the smaller fishes. The prey availability along with electivity index suggested that this species choose amphipods. Seasonal variations may indicate that the fishes did not locate their preferential prey as an effect of the availability, this can be also explained by factors such as palatability, and optimal foraging theory. Here, we redefined the O. punctatissimus trophic guild as zooplanktivorous, highlighting macrophytes as restaurants for fishes in tropical sandy beaches as they are the main source of food, adding another function to this microhabitat in this environment.

scholarly journals The role of egg cannibalism for the Calanus succession in the Disko Bay, Western Greenland

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 865-883
Author(s):  
Thomas Frank-Gopolos ◽  
Eva Friis Møller ◽  
Torkel Gissel Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Egg Cannibalism
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