Objective: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava (IVC) presents surgeons with a technical intraoperative challenge because of the need for aggressive surgical management. In this study, we describe our method for surgical management with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and investigate the long-term outcomes of RCC patients with and without CPB.
Methods: Fifteen patients with RCC underwent nephrectomy and IVC thrombectomy from May 2011 to December 2017. We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the clinical course of all patients. Novick classification was used to assess the level of tumor thrombus extension into the IVC. Patient characteristics, surgical procedures, and postoperative outcome data in both groups were collected.
Results: Twelve patients were male and 3 were female, with an average age of 62.9 ± 10.9 years (range 46 to 82). The average operative times were 824 ± 335 minutes in the patients with CPB and 646 ± 162 minutes in those without CPB (P = .17). The average amount of intraoperative bleeding was 2125 ± 1315 ml in the patients with CPB and 3333 ± 1431 ml in those without CPB (P = .14). The same tendency was observed in patients of Novick levels 3 and 4. The mean observation period was 1061.4 days. No 30-day mortality was noted. There was no significant difference in all-cause survival between the patients with CPB and those without.
Conclusions: We conclude that surgical management with CPB and circulatory arrest may be a viable and safe method of treatment for RCC patients.
The relationship between cerebral and somatic oxygenation and superior and inferior vena cava flow, arterial oxygenation and pressure in infants during cardiopulmonary bypass
