Survival, growth, sexual maturation and reproduction of brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus L., and their hybrids

A parasite survey of 1146 brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) was conducted between January 1981 and December 1982 in the Tabusintac River, New Brunswick, Canada. A total of 36 parasite species were recovered, of which 18 (one Myxosporea, two Monogenea, three Digenea, three Cestoidea, five Nematoda, one Acanthocephala, one Hirudinoidea, one Crustacea, and a Dermocystidium sp.) were freshwater and 18 (two Monogenea, seven Digenea, two Cestoidea, two Nematoda, two Acanthocephala, and three Crustacea) were marine. Anadronomous charr were differentiated from nonanadromous charr in fresh water by the presence of marine parasites. Charr in the estuary and lagoon were all considered to be anadromous; however, first-time anadromous charr or smolts were differentiated by the absence of marine parasites and infection with freshwater parasites only. New host records include Lecithaster gibbosus, Zoogonus lasius, Podocotyle angulata, Cryptocotyle lingua (metacercariae), Stephanostomum tenue (metacercariae, adults), Eubothrium crassum, Tetraphyllidea gen. sp. (plerocercoids), Eustrongylides sp. (larvae), Hysterothylacium aduncum (larvae, adults), Corynosoma magdaleni (juveniles), Argulus alosae, and Ergasilus labracis. Zoogonus lasius and Stephanostomum tenue represent new Canadian records, and Chloromyxum truttae and Truttaedacnitis truttae are reported for the first time from New Brunswick. Bulbodacnitis alpinus, previously reported only from the Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), is considered to be a synonym of T. truttae.

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Genetic architecture of body weight, condition factor and age of sexual maturation in Icelandic Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)

Molecular Genetics and Genomics ◽

10.1007/s00438-011-0628-x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 286 (1) ◽

pp. 67-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Eva Küttner ◽

Hooman K. Moghadam ◽

Skúli Skúlason ◽

Roy G. Danzmann ◽

Moira M. Ferguson

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Sexual Maturation ◽

Genetic Architecture ◽

Condition Factor ◽

Salvelinus Alpinus ◽

Arctic Charr ◽

Weight Condition

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Linseed oil as a substitute for fish oil in the diet of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), brook charr (S. fontinalis) and their reciprocal hybrids.

Aquaculture Reports ◽

10.1016/j.aqrep.2021.100949 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 100949

Author(s):

Bernard-Antonin Dupont-Cyr ◽

Nathalie R. Le François ◽

Felix Christen ◽

Véronique Desrosiers ◽

Arianne Savoie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fish Oil ◽

Salvelinus Alpinus ◽

Arctic Charr ◽

Linseed Oil ◽

Brook Charr ◽

Reciprocal Hybrids

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Increased susceptibility of salmonids to the monogenean Gyrodactylus salaris following administration of hydrocortisone acetate

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182099005223 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 120 (1) ◽

pp. 57-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

P. D. HARRIS ◽

A. SOLENG ◽

T. A. BAKKE

Keyword(s):

Salmo Trutta ◽

Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽

Salvelinus Alpinus ◽

Arctic Charr ◽

Hydrocortisone Acetate ◽

Hydrocortisone Administration ◽

Resistant Group ◽

Parasite Populations ◽

Practical Level ◽

Increased Susceptibility

Gyrodactylus salaris infects numerous salmonid species, ranging from the fully susceptible (Norwegian strains of Salmo salar), through species which, though initially susceptible, eventually eliminate their infections (Salvelinus alpinus and S. fontinalis) to entirely resistant (Salmo trutta) species. Here we describe experiments in which Salvelinus alpinus, S. fontinalis and Salmo trutta, implanted with hydrocortisone acetate to simulate stress-induced immunosuppression, were challenged with G. salaris. With previously uninfected Salvelinus fontinalis, G. salaris infections on fish treated with hydrocortisone acetate grew larger, and for longer, than on sham-treated controls. A similar result was obtained with S. trutta. Patterns of infection on Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, were more complex, because individual fish varied from susceptible to highly resistant. Fish were therefore initially infected with G. salaris, and the most highly resistant group of individuals identified and disinfected. After 6 months recovery from this primary infection, hydrocortisone acetate was administered to half the fish, and all were challenged with G. salaris. Parasite populations on the hydrocortisone-treated individuals were consistently larger than those on the sham-treated controls, exceeding 30 parasites per fish after 5 weeks, in comparison with less than 10 parasites per fish on controls. These results indicate that hydrocortisone administration can lead to enhanced gyrodactylid populations on a range of salmonids. This suggests that the response to G. salaris is mediated by the immune system, and that the spectrum of responses observed in different species are, at least in part, due to the same mechanism. At a practical level, stress-induced immunosuppression during handling and transport of cultured salmonids may prove an important factor in the dissemination of G. salaris between watersheds.

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The dynamic ontogenetic patterns of adaptive divergence and sexual dimorphism in Arctic charr

10.1101/2021.01.15.426104 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marina De la Cámara ◽

Lieke Ponsioen ◽

Quentin J.B. Horta-Lacueva ◽

Kalina H Kapralova

Keyword(s):

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

Sexual Maturation ◽

Salvelinus Alpinus ◽

Arctic Charr ◽

Common Garden ◽

Open Water ◽

Adaptive Divergence ◽

Shape Variation ◽

Ontogenetic Trajectories ◽

Main Driver

ABSTRACTArctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) in lake Thingvallavatn (Iceland) is one of the most iconic examples of post-glacial adaptive divergence, resulting in four ecomorphs that diverge along the ecological benthic-limnetic axis (bottom lake versus open water feeders), and are distinct both phenotypically and genotypically. Here, we used geometric morphometrics tools on a common garden setup to determine the factors responsible for genetically based shape variation during the post-embryonic ontogeny of two morphs that represent the benthic-limnetic axis: the small benthic (SB) and the planktivorous (PL). This experiment uses pure crosses and F1 reciprocal hybrids between the two morphs, and includes the onset of sexual maturation, offering an excellent opportunity to explore the genetic component of adaptive divergence and the role of sexual dimorphism in this scenario. We found that growth is the main driver of shape variation across time and provided evidence of a genetically-controlled ontogenetic shift that gives rise to the limnetic morph. Additionally, our results indicate that the onset of sexual maturation triggers differences both in sex ontogenetic trajectories and in static shape variation at different time points, likely dissipating the canalisation for traits traditionally associated with benthic-limnetic adaptations.

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