Power laws in covariability of anxiety and depression among newly diagnosed patients with major depressive episode, panic disorder and controls

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Katerndahl
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Power Laws ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Major Depressive

Superimposition of acute depressive episode on chronic neurotic symptoms: one of the reasons for refractoriness of depression

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 307-308
Author(s):  
F Okada ◽  
M Daiguji
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Minor Depression ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Collaborative Program ◽  
Double Depression

Keller and Shapiro (1982) reported that 26% of the first 101 patients who entered the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)-Clinical Research Branch Collaborative Program on the Psychobiology of Depression (Katz and Klerman, 1979; Katz et al, 1979) with a major depressive episode were found to have a pre-existing chronic minor depression of at least 2 years’ duration. They labeled this Phenomenon “double depression„ (Keller and Shapiro, 1982). Furthermore, patients with panic disorder almost universally suffer from major depression at some time in the course of their disorder (Coryell et al, 1988; Stein and Uhde, 1988; Vollrath et al, 1990). “Double diagnosis„, or identification of psychotic or related syndromes, co-existing with personality disorders, have received much attention in the literature in recent years (Sanderson et al, 1990; Torgersen, 1990; Barsky et al, 1992). Much of the research on comorbidity between depressive and anxiety disorders has been summarized in two edited volumes (Kendall and Watson, 1989; Maser and Cloninger, 1990).

Panic Disorder

1994 ◽  
Vol 164 (6) ◽  
pp. 818-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Okasha ◽  
Z. Bishry ◽  
A. H. Khalil ◽  
T. A. Darwish ◽  
A. Seif El Dawla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Generalised Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Symptom Profile

We compared three groups of patients with panic disorder, generalised anxiety disorder and major depressive episode with a control group. Methods of comparison included a clinical profile of the patients, assessed by the Arabic version of the Present State Examination (PSE), a psychological battery of tests measuring personality traits and depressive and anxiety states, and the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) as a biological marker. Our data showed that psychological assessment and DST did not significantly differentiate between the three disorders. Despite a symptom overlap between the disorders, however, some symptoms were associated significantly more often with one disorder than another. Patients with panic disorder differed from patients with major depressive episode in showing more situational, avoidance and free floating anxiety, and more anxious foreboding. They showed less self-negligence, ideas of guilt, early awakening and social withdrawal. Compared with patients with generalised anxiety disorder, patients with panic disorder showed more loss of interest and muscle tension and less anxious foreboding, restlessness, inefficient thinking, social withdrawal and delayed sleep. Our conclusion is that the clinical course and the symptom profile of panic disorder justifies its existence as an independent diagnostic category.

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