Relationship of site and stand characteristics to Armillaria root disease incidence on ponderosa pine in the Black Hills, South Dakota

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Klutsch ◽  
M. A. Kallas-Richlefs ◽  
R. M. Reich ◽  
J. L. Harris ◽  
W. R. Jacobi
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Black Hills ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Armillaria Root Disease ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Stand Characteristics

scholarly journals Inoculum Reduction Measures to Manage Armillaria Root Disease in a Severely Infected Stand of Ponderosa Pine in South-Central Washington: 35-Year Results

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles G. Shaw ◽  
D.W. Omdal ◽  
A. Ramsey-Kroll ◽  
L.F. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Intensive Treatment ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
No Removal ◽  
South Central ◽  
Armillaria Root Disease ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Maximum Removal

Abstract A stand of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) severely affected by Armillaria root disease was treated with five different levels of sanitation by root removal to reduce root disease losses in the regenerating stand. Treatments included the following: (1) all trees pushed over by machine, maximum removal of roots by machine ripping, and visible remaining roots removed by hand; (2) all trees pushed over by machine and maximum removal of roots by machine ripping; (3) all trees pushed over by machine with no further removal of roots; (4) smaller trees pushed over by machine but large stumps left, otherwise maximum removal of roots by machine ripping; and (5) all trees felled and removed by skidding, area cleared of slash, sod scalped, and no removal of roots. After 35 years, we found that the more intense and thorough root-removal treatments were generally more effective in reducing the occurrence of Armillaria root disease. However, even the most intensive treatment (treatment 1), which experienced significantly less disease than most other treatments, had 23% of the area expressing mortality. The only operationally feasible treatment (treatment 3) also reduced levels of mortality, but not significantly (40% mortality versus 52% in the control, treatment 5). Although these results support the concept that inoculum removal can reduce root disease levels, the treatment necessary to provide a meaningful reduction in disease loss does not seem to warrant its cost.

scholarly journals Growth Response of Pinus ponderosa following a Mixed-Severity Wildfire in the Black Hills, South Dakota

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara L. Keyser ◽  
Frederick W. Smith ◽  
Wayne D. Shepperd
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Black Hills ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Moderate Severity

Abstract In late summer 2000 the Jasper Fire burned ∼34,000 ha of ponderosa pine forest in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Although regarded as a catastrophic event, the Jasper Fire left a mosaic of fire severity across the landscape, with live trees present in areas burned under low andmoderate fire severity. In October 2005, we cored 96 trees from unburned, low-severity, and moderate-severity stands and assessed whether tree growth differed among fire severity classes during the 5 years postfire. We observed no differences in basal area increment (BAI) 10 years prefireamong fire severities with BAI averaging 9.6 cm2 per year. Despite severe drought conditions, BAI in moderate severity sites 2 years postfire was 58% greater than in unburned and low-severity stands. Although significant, this growth increase was short-lived. Three, 4, and 5 yearspostfire, no differences in growth among unburned, low-severity, and moderate-severity sites were detected, as BAI averaged 8.3, 7.5, and 7.0 cm2, respectively. The lack of a consistent and prolonged growth response suggests that the Jasper Fire did not result in any short-termchanges in growth patterns. Data extending beyond 5 years postfire are required to infer potential long-term changes in tree growth and productivity.

scholarly journals Precommercial Thinning in a Ponderosa Pine Stand Affected by Armillaria Root Disease in Central Oregon: 30 Years of Growth and Mortality

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory M. Filip ◽  
Stephen A. Fitzgerald ◽  
Lisa M. Ganio
Keyword(s):  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Precommercial Thinning ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Armillaria Root Disease

Abstract A 30-yr-old stand of ponderosa pine was precommercially thinned in 1966 to determine the effects of thinning on tree growth and mortality caused by Armillaria root disease in central Oregon. After 30 yr, crop tree mortality was significantly (P = 0.02) less in thinned plots than in unthinned plots. Tree diameter growth was not significantly (P = 0.17) increased by thinning. Crop-tree basal area/ac growth was significantly (P = 0.03) greater in thinned plots. Apparently, from a root disease perspective, precommercial thinning of pure ponderosa stands significantly decreases the incidence of crop-tree mortality after 30 yr and significantly increases basal area/ac growth but not individual tree diameter growth. Recommendations for thinning based on stand density index (SDI) are given. West. J. Appl. For. 14(3):144-148.

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