Mechanisms and genetic diversity for host plant resistance to spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus in sorghum, Sorghum bicolor

Rice plant is attacked by many insect-pests of which yellow stem borer (dead heart at vegetative stage and white ear head at reproductive stage) and leaf folder are considered as prime devastator, responsible for major economic loss. To combat this problem, resistant varieties of rice are required for better production as well as better productivity. Host plant resistance is very much effective in integrated pest management (IPM) system, where negligible pesticidal hazard is present as well as environmental safety, low cost farming by without or minimum pesticide application and proper identification of resistant varieties for selection as parent in crossing programme to develop resistant varieties in future. The 78 rice varieties were screened out against Scirpophaga incertulas (yellow stem borer) and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (rice leaf folder) of rice during Kharif, 2010-2012 at Rice Research Station, Chinsurah, Hooghly, under Government of West Bengal. The experiment was carried out to determine the level of resistance in early, mid-early, medium and late duration rice varieties, and shallow and semi-deep rice varieties. The pest infestation level was determined by counting dead heart, white ear head and damaged/folded leaves. The experimental results revealed that the early duration variety viz. Narendra 97 and IR 50, the mid-early duration variety i.e. IR 64 and IET 17904 proved resistant against both yellow stem borer (dead heart) and leaf folder. The medium duration variety, Ranjit was highly resistant against both yellow stem borer (dead heart) and leaf folder, and the variety, Pratiksha showed a fair degree of resistance against both yellow stem borer and leaf folder; while Jarava, the late duration variety exhibited high degree resistance against yellow stem borer (dead heart and white ear head). Besides, the varieties, Sashi and Giri recorded very low level of infestation of both lepidopteran pests while shallow and semi-deep variety such as Sashi was also considered resistant against the noxious pests.

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Genetic diversity inMelanaphis sacchariand host-plant resistance in sugarcane

10.1603/ice.2016.108360 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Samuel Nibouche

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Host Plant ◽

Plant Resistance ◽

Host Plant Resistance

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Host-plant resistance and chemical control of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) and Busseola fusca (Fuller) in an integrated pest management system on grain sorghum

Crop Protection ◽

10.1016/0261-2194(94)90021-3 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 308-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

J. van den Berg ◽

G.D.J. van Rensburg ◽

M.C. van der Westhiizen

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Host Plant ◽

Chilo Partellus ◽

Plant Resistance ◽

Host Plant Resistance ◽

Chemical Control ◽

Management System ◽

Busseola Fusca ◽

Grain Sorghum

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Pod Trichome Characterisation Using Foldscope, Morphological Characterization and Genetic Diversity Among Indigenous Collections of Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-4423 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

K. Satish ◽

S. Muniswamy ◽

G. Girish ◽

Vikas Kulkarni ◽

J.R. Diwan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Host Plant ◽

Plant Resistance ◽

Host Plant Resistance ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Research Station ◽

Trichome Density ◽

Qualitative Traits ◽

Stem Colour

Background: Association of several morphological traits such as trichome length and trichome density on the pod surface have been found to influence host plant resistance to insect pests. Genetic diversity analysis is used to identify the divergent genotypes and to utilize these genotypes to exploit heterosis. Further, morphological characters are stable across environments owing to oligogeneic nature, they serve as morphological markers in breeding which can be used in varietal or genotypic identification, varietal purification and even in seed production. Hence, the current study aimed to investigate on host plant resistance using portable paper microscope ‘foldscope’, genetic diversity and morphological characters.Methods: A total of 154 germplasm lines with three checks were evaluated in Augmented Block Design (ABD) at Zonal Agricultural Research Station (ZARS), Kalaburagi, during kharif, 2018 to study their genetic diversity. Trichome length and trichome density were recorded using ‘foldscope’ 75 randomly selected genotypes, then correlated with shrivelled seed yield per plot due to pod fly incidence. Morphological characterization of 14 qualitative traits were recorded.Result: Grouping of 157 germplasm lines into twelve clusters indicated a wider genetic diversity for the traits studied, of which 7 clusters were solitary with one entry each. The genotypes with more trichome density and length had less damage by the pod fly. Large variations for morphological characters was observed among the genotypes for qualitative traits such as pod colour, stem colour, flower colour, seed morphology and pod trichomes.

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Genetic Diversity and Differentiation among Laboratory and Field Populations of the Soybean Aphid, Aphis glycines

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s000748531000012x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 100 (6) ◽

pp. 727-734 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

A.P. Michel ◽

W. Zhang ◽

M.A. Rouf Mian

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Host Plant ◽

Plant Resistance ◽

Host Plant Resistance ◽

Genotypic Diversity ◽

Soybean Aphid ◽

Aphis Glycines ◽

Invasive Pest ◽

Resistance Screening ◽

Laboratory Populations

AbstractThe soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, is a recent invasive pest of soybean in North America. Currently, much research is focused on developing and characterizing soybean cultivars expressing host-plant resistance. During the initial phases of host-plant resistance screening, many of these studies use soybean aphid laboratory populations. Previous studies in other systems have documented substantial differences among laboratory and field populations. Whether or not this pattern exists in A. glycines is unknown, but it is extremely important when estimating the level of selection and virulence to host-plant resistant soybeans. In this study, we used seven microsatellite markers to estimate and compare genetic diversity and differentiation among five laboratory and 12 field populations. Our results indicate that soybean aphid laboratory populations are severely lacking in genotypic diversity and show extreme genetic differentiation among each other and to field populations. Continued use of laboratory populations for initial soybean aphid resistance screening could lead to erroneous estimations of the potential success for host-plant resistance.

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Inheritance of resistance to spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus, in sorghum, Sorghum bicolor

Euphytica ◽

10.1007/s10681-007-9358-x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 156 (1-2) ◽

pp. 117-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

H. C. Sharma ◽

M. K. Dhillon ◽

G. Pampapathy ◽

B. V. S. Reddy

Keyword(s):

Sorghum Bicolor ◽

Chilo Partellus ◽

Stem Borer ◽

Inheritance Of Resistance ◽

Spotted Stem Borer

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An Overview of the Bionomics, Host Plant Resistance and Molecular Perspectives of Sesamia inferens Walker in Cereals and Millets

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10111705 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1705

Author(s):

Niranjanadevi Jeevanandham ◽

Nalini Ramiah ◽

Vanniarajan Chockalingam ◽

Ramalingam Jegadeesan

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

Plant Resistance ◽

Host Plant Resistance ◽

Stem Borer ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Food Sources ◽

Sesamia Inferens ◽

Management Measures ◽

Daily Food ◽

Trait Locus

There is an urgent need to enhance agricultural production as well as productivity to meet the food demand of the growing population, estimated to be 10 billion by 2050, using a holistic and sustainable approach. The daily food sources for almost three-fourth of the global population, cereals and millets, are prone to several biotic factors and abiotic pressures. In particular, cereals and millet cultivation are limited by the polyphagous pink stem borer, Sesamia inferens Walker (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) gaining national importance, since its larvae and pupae are concealed within the stem, none of the management measures have been found effective in controlling the menace. However, host plant resistance (HPR) is a reasonable and ecologically safe method wherein resistance mechanisms of crops could lower the stem borer infestation. The foremost challenge in understanding the mechanism would be to detecting the genes of interest in the crop using novel biotechnological approaches. The fundamental criterion for developing insect-resistant lines relies on recognizing the mechanism of plant resistance. The entire life cycle of this group of borers is completed or hidden within the stem, posing a hurdle in their management. Thus, molecular markers and Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) mapping offer a more efficient approach to entomologists and plant breeders wherein they can work with traits like QTLs for stem borer resistance. In this review, an attempt has been made to provide an extensive summary of the host range and crop losses due to this borer, besides its taxonomic position, geographic distribution, bionomics, genetics of resistance, and molecular perspectives.

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