<a>Objective:
</a><a></a><a></a><a></a><a></a><a>To evaluate the association of a healthy
lifestyle, involving seven low-risk factors mentioned in diabetes management
guidelines (no current smoking, moderate alcohol consumption, regular physical
activity, healthy diet, less sedentary behavior, adequate sleep duration, and
appropriate social connection), with all-cause and cause-specific mortality
among individuals with type 2 diabetes.</a>
<p>Research Design and
Methods: This study included 13,366 participants with baseline type 2 diabetes
from the UK Biobank free of CVD or cancer. Lifestyle information was collected
through a baseline questionnaire.</p>
<p><a>Results:
During a median follow-up of 11.7 years, 1,561 deaths were documented, with 625
from cancer, 370 from CVD, 115 from respiratory disease, 81 from digestive
disease, and 74 from neurodegenerative disease.</a><a> In multivariate-adjusted model, each
lifestyle factor was significantly associated with all-cause mortality and hazard
ratios (95% CIs) associated with the lifestyle score (scoring 6-7 vs. 0-2
unless specified) were 0.42 (0.34, 0.52) for all-cause mortality, 0.57 (0.41,
0.80) for cancer mortality, 0.35 (0.22, 0.56) for CVD mortality, 0.26 (0.10,
0.63) for respiratory mortality, and 0.28 (0.14, 0.53) for digestive mortality
(scoring 5-7 vs. 0-2). In the population-attributable-risk analysis, 27.1% (95%
CI: 16.1, 38.0%) death was attributable to a poor lifestyle (scoring 0-5). </a><a>The association between a healthy
lifestyle and all-cause mortality was consistent, irrespective of factors
reflecting diabetes severity (diabetes duration, glycemic
control, diabetes-related microvascular disease, and diabetes medication)</a>.</p>
<p>Conclusions:
<a></a><a></a>A
healthy lifestyle was associated with a lower risk of mortality due to
all-cause, CVD, cancer, respiratory disease, and digestive disease among
individuals with type 2 diabetes. <b></b></p>
Digestive Disease as a National Problem
