PRODUCTION OF β-HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN BY GERM CELL TUMORS IN VIVO AND IN VITRO

Abstract Homeobox A10 (HOXA10) is a characterized marker of endometrial receptivity. The mechanism by which hCG intrauterine infusion promotes embryo implantation is still unclear. This study seeks to investigate whether hCG improves endometrial receptivity by increasing expression of HOXA10. HOXA10 expression with human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation was analyzed in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrate that HOXA10 was decreased in the endometria of recurrent implantation failure patients compared to that in the healthy control fertile group, also we observed that hCG intrauterine infusion increased endometrial HOXA10 expression. HOXA10, blastocyst-like spheroid expansion area was increased, whereas DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 was decreased when human endometrial stromal cells (hESCs) were treated with 0.2 IU/ml of hCG for 48 h. HOXA10 promoter methylation was also reduced after hCG treatment. Collagen XV (ColXV) can repress the expression of DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1, and hCG treatment increased the expression of ColXV. However, when the hESCs were treated with LH/hCG receptor small interfering RNA to knock down LH/hCG receptor, hCG treatment failed to repress DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 expression or to increase ColXV expression. Our findings suggest that hCG may promote embryo implantation by increasing the expression of HOXA10.

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False elevations of human chorionic gonadotropin associated to latrogenic hypogonadism in gonadal germ cell tumors

Cancer ◽

10.1002/1097-0142(19871115)60:10<2489::aid-cncr2820601024>3.0.co;2-b ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 60 (10) ◽

pp. 2489-2493 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Josep R. Germa ◽

Angeles Arcusa ◽

Roser Casamitjana

Keyword(s):

Germ Cell ◽

Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽

Germ Cell Tumors

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Blood to cerebrospinal fluid human chorionic gonadotropin-beta ratios in intracranial germ cell tumors

Neurosurgical FOCUS ◽

10.3171/foc.1998.5.1.7 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. E6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Paul B. Rogers ◽

Eliot C. Sims ◽

Nicholas Plowman

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Germ Cell ◽

Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽

Germ Cell Tumors ◽

Intrathecal Administration ◽

Pineal Region ◽

Elevated Blood ◽

Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors ◽

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Beta

Levels of human chorionic gonadotropin-beta (HCG-beta) are elevated in up to 43% of patients with intracranial germ cell tumors (GCTs) and are useful in the diagnosis of these tumors and the follow up of such patients. The ratio of blood HCG-beta to lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) HCG-beta in these patients at presentation has not been defined. Twenty-two patients with intracranial GCTs have been treated at St. Bartholomew's Hospital over the past 15 years. Two (17%) of 12 germinomas and seven (70%) of 10 nongerminomatous GCTs had elevated blood HCG-beta at presentation. Four cases of pineal region GCTs (one of 12 germinomas and three of 10 nongerminomatous GCTs) had paired, elevated, blood and lumbar CSF HCG-beta levels. The mean blood to CSF ratio was 1:10 (range 1.7-18.4), which is substantially lower than the ratio of 286:1 reported in systemic GCTs. The authors confirm the finding of a previous single report showing that ventricular CSF HCG-beta sampling via an accessible ventriculoperitoneal shunt reservoir may give a spuriously negative result, and they discuss the pathophysiology of the blood-brain barrier in the pineal region and the implications of the intrathecal administration of chemotherapy.

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PRODUCTION OF ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN BY HUMAN GERM CELL TUMORS IN VIVO AND IN VITRO

Pathology International ◽

10.1111/j.1440-1827.1987.tb00459.x ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 37 (8) ◽

pp. 1263-1277 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Teiichi Motoyama ◽

Hidenobu Watanabe ◽

Takahiko Yamamoto ◽

Morimasa Sekiguchi

Keyword(s):

Germ Cell ◽

Germ Cell Tumors ◽

Alpha Fetoprotein

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Evaluation of neoadjuvant therapy in patients with nongerminomatous malignant germ cell tumors

Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics ◽

10.3171/2011.1.peds10433 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 431-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Hideo Nakamura ◽

Keishi Makino ◽

Masato Kochi ◽

Yukitaka Ushio ◽

Jun-ichi Kuratsu

Keyword(s):

Germ Cell ◽

Neoadjuvant Therapy ◽

Tumor Markers ◽

Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽

Tumor Recurrence ◽

Germ Cell Tumors ◽

Residual Tumor ◽

The Other ◽

Malignant Germ Cell Tumors

Object The authors evaluated the effectiveness of a neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) consisting of combined chemoand radiotherapy followed by complete resection of the residual tumor in patients with nongerminomatous malignant germ cell tumors (NGMGCTs). Methods The authors treated 14 consecutive patients in whom NGMGCTs were diagnosed based on elevated levels of the tumor markers α-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, and the β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG). Chemotherapy and radiotherapy were performed, and after the serum tumor markers level was in the normal or near-normal range, the residual tumors were completely resected. Results Residual tumors were confirmed in 11 of the 14 patients after NAT, and total removal was successful in 10 of the 11 patients. In the other patient the residual tumor could not be completely excised because it was attached to a deep vein. The follow-up duration ranged from 1.2 to 22.2 years. The 5-year event-free and total survival rates were 86% and 93%, respectively. Although 3 patients died, 2 of tumor recurrence and 1 of a radiation-induced secondary tumor (glioblastoma), the other 11 are alive and without evidence of tumor recurrence. Conclusions The authors consider their NAT protocol for NGMGCT to be highly effective in relation to survival for the patients with NGMGCT, but there are several quality of life issues that need to be resolved.

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Bilateral Germ Cell Tumors Involving the Basal Ganglia and Thalamus

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/00006123-198904000-00015 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 579-583 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Tatsuya Kobayashi ◽

Jun Yoshida ◽

Yoshihisa Kida

Keyword(s):

Basal Ganglia ◽

Germ Cell ◽

Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽

Early Stage ◽

Germ Cell Tumors ◽

Biological Behavior ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Normal Limits ◽

Extrapyramidal Signs

ABSTRACT Two cases of a human chorionic gonadotropin-producing germ cell tumor originating bilaterally in the basal ganglia and thalamus are reported. The biological behavior and clinical characteristics were similar to those of unilateral germinomas involving the basal ganglia and thalamus. Common clinical features were slowly progressive unilateral pyramidal signs and bilateral and/or unilateral extrapyramidal signs which occurred either concomitantly or sequentially. Bilateral symmetrical lesions were demonstrated by computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging at an early stage of illness. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid human chorionic gonadotropin levels were elevated (116 and 141 mIU/ml, respectively) but decreased and remained within normal limits after radiation therapy alone. Radiosensitivity was confirmed by repeated computed tomographic scans and tumor marker measurements. Multiple concomitant germ cell tumors is a rare, but interesting lesion, especially considering its pathogenesis and oncogenesis.

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