scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF THE THREE SIBLING SPECIES OF ANOPHELES FARAUTI LAVERAN BY THE BANDING PATTERN OF THEIR POLYTENE CHROMOSOMES

1983 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Mahon
Keyword(s):  
Sibling Species ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Anopheles Farauti

A cytotaxonomic investigation of seven species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona F. Hunter ◽  
Victoria Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Sibling Species ◽  
North American ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Species Complexes

Using the banding pattern of Eusimulium vernum (Macquart) as a standard, the polytene chromosomes of seven North American members of the vernum group are described. These are Eusimulium aestivum (Davies, Peterson, and Wood), E. impar (Davies, Peterson, and Wood), E. gouldingi (Stone), E. croxtoni (Nickolson and Mickel), E. pugetense Dyar and Shannon, E. quebecense (Twinn), and an undescribed species provisionally designated Simulium sp. near furculatum/croxtoni. Two of these species, pugetense and quebecense, apparently are sibling species complexes. An inversion cladogram separates the seven species into two distinct lineages; aestivum, impar, pugetense, and quebecense belong to one and gouldingi, croxtoni, and Simulium sp. to the other.

Geographic variation in the polytene chromosome banding pattern of the Holarctic midge Chironomus (Camptochironomus) tentans (Fabricius)

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iya I. Kiknadze ◽  
Karlygash G. Aimanova ◽  
Larissa I. Gunderina ◽  
Malcolm G. Butler ◽  
J. Kevin Cooper
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Polytene Chromosome ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
European Populations

Polytene chromosomes of Chironomus (Camptochironomus) tentans from Europe, Siberia, and North America were examined to clarify genetic relationships among widely distributed populations of this Holarctic midge. This first extensive cytogenetic analysis of Siberian populations confirms earlier suppositions that C. tentans karyotypes are quite uniform across the Palearctic from western Europe to Yakutia. Greater differences exist among North American populations in Minnesota, Michigan, and Massachusetts, and as a group, these Nearctic populations share so few banding sequences with Palearctic C. tentans that recognition of discrete sibling species on each contintent is warranted. Photomaps of polytene chromosomes for both Palearctic and Nearctic sibling species are presented, and banding sequences are described with standardized notation. In total, 42 inversion sequences were found in the 18 Siberian populations examined, 15 of which were previously undescribed. Of the 19 sequences found in the three American populations studied, only 6 were shared with the Palearctic. Three of the seven chromosome arms in Nearctic C. tentans had no sequences in common with European populations and four shared none with Siberian populations.

Polytene chromosomes of Simulium (Psaroniocompsa) daltanhani (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Central Amazonia, Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1676 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
NEUSA HAMADA ◽  
ELENY DA SILVA PEREIRA ◽  
PETER H. ADLER
Keyword(s):  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Chromosomal Complement ◽  
Central Amazonia ◽  
Similar Banding Pattern ◽  
Chromosome I

Last-instar larvae of Simulium (Psaroniocompsa) daltanhani Hamada and Adler from a stream in Central Amazonia were analyzed cytologically by mapping their polytene chromosomes. Simulium daltanhani has the nucleolar organizer in the short arm of chromosome I, heterogametic females, and an absence of autosomal polymorphisms. The chromosomes carry multiple rearrangements relative to other analyzed members of the S. quadrifidum species group in the subgenus Psaroniocompsa. One-third of the chromosomal complement is rearranged relative to the sequence of S. ulyssesi, the species with the most similar banding pattern among studied members of the S. quadrifidum group.

A comparison of polytene chromosomes in salivary glands and orbital bristle trichogen cells in Ceratitis capitata

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zacharopoulou ◽  
K. Bourtzis ◽  
Ph. Kerremans
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Different Tissues

The banding patterns of polytene chromosomes in different tissues of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, vary to such an extent that homologous chromosomes cannot be recognised. However, analyses of autosomal breakpoints in several translocation strains allowed chromosomes from the two tissues to be aligned despite their difference in banding pattern. These results were discussed, considering the different hypotheses of the origin and biological significance of polytene chromosome bands.Key words: polytene chromosomes, salivary gland chromosomes, orbital bristle trichogen cell chromosomes, Ceratitis capitata.

The Balbiani ring and the polytene chromosomes of Drosophila bicornuta

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mavragani-Tsipidou ◽  
Z. G. Scouras ◽  
A. Natsiou-Voziki
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Balbiani Ring

A study of the BR1 and of the most prominent puffs during larval development and after in vitro ecdysterone treatment, as well as of the banding pattern and inverted tandem chromosomal duplications of the salivary gland chromosomes of Drosophila bicornuta, is presented in this report. These data are compared and discussed with those of D. auraria and D. serrata, two other montium species.Key words: Drosophila, Balbiani ring, duplications, ecdysterone.

Cytotaxonomy of four European species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 3102-3115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona F. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
European Species ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosomal Banding ◽  
Chromosome Iii ◽  
Interspecific Comparisons

The polytene chromosomes of four closely related Eusimulium (Roubaud) morphospecies from Europe have been examined. These are Eusimulium vernum (Macquart), E. costatum (Friedrichs), E. cryophilum (Rubtzov), and E. carpathicum (Knoz). Interspecific comparisons indicate that vernum and costatum are homosequential in chromosomal banding pattern; however, costatum does differ from vernum in possessing a conspicuous chromocenter. Both species may have B chromosomes, but these are not identical. Three kinds of vernum populations are found: pure X0Y0 (with undifferentiated X and Y chromosomes), pure X0Y1 (with males heterozygous for IIS-1 ve), and mixed X0Y0/X0Y1 populations. Only two European vernum cytotypes are indicated. Eusimulium cryophilum and E. carpathicum share a suite of autosomal polymorphisms as well as a fixed paracentric (IL-2) and a fixed pericentric (IIIP-1) inversion with respect to the vernum "Knebworth" standard. They differ from one another by three fixed inversions (IIS-1, IIIS-3, and IIIS-4). It is argued that at least two siblings, cryophilum A and cryophilum B, exist within cryophilum s.l. Sections 86B and 91C in the long arm of chromosome III appear to be extremely labile for breakage and reunion phenomena because several tandem or near-tandem inversions occur in this area. A cytophylogeny of the taxa under study is presented.

scholarly journals Polytene chromosomes reflect functional organization of the Drosophila genome

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-153
Author(s):  
D. S. Sidorenko ◽  
T. Yu. Zykova ◽  
V. A. Khoroshko ◽  
G. V. Pokholkova ◽  
S. A. Demakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Diploid Cell ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
Open Chromatin ◽  
Drosophila Genome ◽  
Fourth Chromosome ◽  
Molecular Map

Polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster are a convenient model for studying interphase chromosomes of eukaryotes. They are giant in size in comparison with diploid cell chromosomes and have a pattern of cross stripes resulting from the ordered chromatid arrangement. Each region of polytene chromosomes has a unique banding pattern. Using the model of four chromatin types that reveals domains of varying compaction degrees, we were able to correlate the physical and cytological maps of some polytene chromosome regions and to show the main properties of genetic and molecular organization of bands and interbands, that we describe in this review. On the molecular map of the genome, the interbands correspond to decompacted aquamarine chromatin and 5’ ends of ubiquitously active genes. Gray bands contain lazurite and malachite chromatin, intermediate in the level of compaction, and, mainly, coding parts of genes. Dense black transcriptionally inactive bands are enriched in ruby chromatin. Localization of several dozens of interbands on the genome molecular map allowed us to study in detail their architecture according to the data of whole genome projects. The distribution of proteins and regulatory elements of the genome in the promoter regions of genes localized in the interbands shows that these parts of interbands are probably responsible for the formation of open chromatin that is visualized in polytene chromosomes as interbands. Thus, the permanent genetic activity of interbands and gray bands and the inactivity of genes in black bands are the basis of the universal banding pattern in the chromosomes of all Drosophila tissues. The smallest fourth chromosome of Drosophila with an atypical protein composition of chromatin is a special case.  Using the model of four chromatin states and fluorescent in situ hybridization, its cytological map was refined and the genomic coordinates of all bands and interbands were determined. It was shown that, in spite of the peculiarities of this chromosome, its band organization in general corresponds to the rest of the genome. Extremely long genes of different Drosophila chromosomes do not fit the common scheme, since they can occupy a series of alternating bands and interbands (up to nine chromosomal structures) formed by parts of these genes.

Cytotaxonomy of Simulium (Montisimulium) ghoomense (Diptera: Simuliidae) from the Darjeeling Hills, India

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2872 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
WILLIE HENRY ◽  
SACHIN THAPA ◽  
PETER H. ADLER ◽  
SUBRATA KUMAR DEY ◽  
RAKESH VARMA
Keyword(s):  
Sibling Species ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Haploid Number ◽  
Total Complement ◽  
Chromosomal Map

The polytene chromosomes are mapped for a scarce Himalayan simuliid, Simulium (Montisimulium) ghoomense Datta, from the Darjeeling area of India. This species has three tightly paired polytene chromosomes with a haploid number of 3. Chromosomes I, II, and III account for 39.6%, 30.3%, and 30.1% of the total complement length, respectively. The centromeres of chromosomes II and III consistently form a putative partial chromocenter. Sex chromosomes are undifferentiated and polymorphisms and sibling species are lacking in a sample of 35 larvae. This is the first chromosomal map for a species in the subgenus Montisimulium in India.

Cytogenetic analysis of Malpighian tubule and salivary gland polytene chromosomes of Bactrocera oleae (Dacus oleae) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1070-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Zambetaki ◽  
Kleanthis Kleanthous ◽  
Penelope Mavragani-Tsipidou
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Malpighian Tubule ◽  
Bactrocera Oleae ◽  
Dacus Oleae ◽  
Somatic Tissues ◽  
Ectopic Pairing ◽  
Tandem Duplications

Photomaps of the Malpighian tubule and the salivary gland polytene chromosomes of Bactrocera oleae (Dacus oleae) are presented and compared with those of the fat body. Five polytene chromosomes (10 polytene arms) corresponding to the five autosomes of the mitotic nuclei, as well as a heterochromatic mass corresponding to the sex chromosomes, are observed in the nuclei of the three somatic tissues. The most prominent features of each polytene chromosome, the reverse tandem duplications, as well as the rather unusual ectopic pairing of the telomeric regions of different chromosome arms, are described. The constancy of the banding pattern based on the analysis of the three larval tissues is discussed.Key words: Bactrocera oleae (Dacus oleae), polytene chromosomes, salivary gland, Malpighian tubule, banding pattern.

The banding pattern of polytene chromosomes of Drosophila guanche compared with that of D. subobscura

Genetica ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Moltó ◽  
R. De Frutos ◽  
M. J. Martinez-Sebastián
Keyword(s):  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes
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