Syphilitic uveitis: a review of clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes of syphilitic uveitis in human immunodeficiency virus-positive and negative patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhagya Chathri Amaratunge ◽  
Jayne E Camuglia ◽  
Anthony J Hall
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Clinical Manifestations and Treatment Outcomes of Syphilitic Uveitis in a Chinese Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Jiang Qian ◽  
Jie Guo ◽  
Yifei Yuan ◽  
Kang Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Retinal Vasculitis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Posterior Uveitis ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Purpose. To describe the clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes of syphilitic uveitis in a Chinese population.Methods. This is a retrospective case series of 15 consecutive patients with syphilitic uveitis treated at a uveitis referral center between 2012 and 2015.Results. Fifteen patients were diagnosed with syphilitic uveitis based on positive serological tests. Nine patients were male. Coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus was detected in two patients. Twenty eyes presented with panuveitis and all patients had posterior involvement. The most frequent manifestations were retinal vasculitis and papillitis, while syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinitis was only found in three eyes. All patients received systemic penicillin therapy according to CDC guidelines. Nine patients were misdiagnosed before presenting to our center and the delay in treatment with penicillin was associated with poor final visual outcomes (P<0.05).Conclusions. In our series, both male and female were almost equally affected and coinfection of syphilis with human immunodeficiency virus was uncommon. All patients in this study had posterior involvement and the most common manifestations were retinal vasculitis and papillitis. Syphilis should be considered as an important differential diagnosis especially for posterior uveitis and panuveitis. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are important for visual prognosis.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Unfavorable Treatment Outcomes among the Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Tuberculosis Population in Tashkent City, Uzbekistan: 2013–2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4623
Author(s):  
Sherali Massavirov ◽  
Kristina Akopyan ◽  
Fazlkhan Abdugapparov ◽  
Ana Ciobanu ◽  
Arax Hovhanessyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Positive Sputum Smear

Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection poses a growing clinical challenge. People living with HIV have a higher chance of developing TB, and once the disease has progressed, are at greater risk of having unfavorable TB treatment outcomes. Data on TB treatment outcomes among the HIV-associated TB population in Uzbekistan are limited. Thus, we conducted a cohort study among 808 adult patients with HIV-associated TB registered at the Tashkent TB referral hospital from 2013–2017 to document baseline characteristics and evaluate risk factors for unfavorable TB treatment outcomes. The data were collected from medical records and ambulatory cards. About 79.8% of the study population had favorable treatment outcomes. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage at the admission was 26.9%. Information on CD4-cell counts and viral loads were largely missing. Having extrapulmonary TB (aOR 2.21, 95% CI: 1.38–3.53, p = 0.001), positive sputum smear laboratory results on admission (aOR 1.62, 95% CI: 1.07–2.40), diabetes (aOR 5.16, 95% CI: 1.77–14.98), and hepatitis C (aOR 1.68, 95% CI: 1.14–2.46) were independent risk factors for developing unfavorable TB treatment outcomes. The study findings provide evidence for targeted clinical management in co-infected patients with risk factors. Strengthening the integration of TB/HIV services may improve availability of key data to improve co-infection management.

scholarly journals Clinical Impact of Pretreatment Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drug Resistance in People Initiating Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor–Containing Antiretroviral Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Bertagnolio ◽  
Lucas Hermans ◽  
Michael R Jordan ◽  
Santiago Avila-Rios ◽  
Collins Iwuji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽  
Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor

Abstract Background Increased access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) has resulted in rising levels of pretreatment human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance (PDR). This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the impact of PDR on treatment outcomes among people initiating nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)–based ART, including the combination of efavirenz (EFV), tenofovir (TDF), and lamivudine or emtricitabine (XTC). Methods We systematically reviewed studies and conference proceedings comparing treatment outcomes in populations initiating NNRTI-based ART with and without PDR. We conducted subgroup analyses by regimen: (1) NNRTIs + 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), (2) EFV + 2 NRTIs, or (3) EFV/TDF/XTC; by population (children vs adults); and by definition of resistance (PDR vs NNRTI PDR). Results Among 6197 studies screened, 32 were analyzed (31 441 patients). We found that individuals with PDR initiating NNRTIs across all the subgroups had increased risk of virological failure compared to those without PDR. Risk of acquisition of new resistance mutations and ART switch was also higher in people with PDR. Conclusions This review shows poorer treatment outcomes in the presence of PDR, supporting the World Health Organization’s recommendation to avoid using NNRTIs in countries where levels of PDR are high.

scholarly journals Coinfection and delayed diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis: Died predecessors factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Jaciel de Oliveira Clementino ◽  
Daniel Gallina Martins Abrahão ◽  
Manoel Sebastião Da Costa Lima Junior ◽  
Herintha Coeto Neitzke Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Septic Shock ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an anthropozoonosis caused by Leishmania infantum in most Brazilian states and is known for its significant lethality resulting from improper diagnosis and treatment. VL is difficult to diagnose because its clinical manifestations and laboratory abnormalities are analogous to several other pathologies. We report a case of a 54-year-old man, negative for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), with VL who was initially diagnosed with anemia, consumptive syndrome, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and septic shock and died due to a delayed diagnosis of VL. 

scholarly journals Oral Candidal Infections and Antimycotics

2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N.B. Ellepola ◽  
L.P. Samaranayake
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection ◽  
Drug Concentration ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

The advent of the human immunodeficiency virus infection and the increasing prevalence of compromised individuals in the community due to modern therapeutic advances have resulted in a resurgence of opportunistic infections, including oral candidoses. One form of the latter presents classically as a white lesion of "thrush" and is usually easily diagnosed and cured. Nonetheless, a minority of these lesions appears in new guises such as erythematous candidosis, thereby confounding the unwary clinician and complicating its management. Despite the availability of several effective antimycotics for the treatment of oral candidoses, failure of therapy is not uncommon due to the unique environment of the oral cavity, where the flushing effect of saliva and the cleansing action of the oral musculature tend to reduce the drug concentration to sub-therapeutic levels. This problem has been partly circumvented by the introduction of the triazole agents, which initially appeared to be highly effective. However, an alarming increase of organisms resistant to the triazoles has been reported recently. In this review, an overview of clinical manifestations of oral candidoses and recent advances in antimycotic therapy is given, together with newer concepts, such as the post-antifungal effect (PAFE) and its possible therapeutic implications.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document