PERFORMANCE AND PRACTICE: EXAMINING THE MACHINE TOOL INDUSTRIES OF JAPAN AND THE UNITED STATES

2006 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
RONALD V. KALAFSKY
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Machine Tool ◽  
The United States

The Machine Tool Industry in Britain, Germany and the United States

1980 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Daly ◽  
Daniel T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Machine Tool ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Technical Skills ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Machine Tool Industry ◽  
Second World ◽  
Engineering Industries

This article examines the problems of the machine tool industry in Britain by contrasting its performance and structure with the corresponding industry in Germany and the United States. The industry is one in which Britain's productivity, export performance and technology have lagged behind Germany and the United States since before the Second World War; these aspects are discussed in the first half of the article. The latter half considers how Britain's deficiencies in technical skills have affected the machine tool industry; the engineering industries as a whole are of course affected in varying degrees by similar factors.

Diversity in Diversity: Flexible Production and American Industrialization, 1880–1930

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Scranton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Machine Tool ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Flexible Production ◽  
Batch Production ◽  
Second Industrial Revolution

The following case studies and analysis of the machine tool and jewelry manufacturing industries attempt to set the stage for a reconsideration of “the other side of industrialization” in the United States during the Second Industrial Revolution—the custom and batch production sectors. Recognizing that much work remains to be done in this area, the author nevertheless concludes that the diversity of circumstances and responses characterizing these industries makes it unlikely that one theory can be adduced to explain their highly contingent world.

Technological Change in the Machine Tool Industry, 1840–1910

1963 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Machine Tool ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Production Function ◽  
The United States ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Machine Tool Industry ◽  
Labor Inputs ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Quantitative Importance

Technological change has come to absorb an increasing share of the attention of the economist in recent years. Several attempts have been made to assess the quantitative importance of technological change, as opposed to increases in factor supplies, in accounting for the secular rise in per capita incomes in the United States. It appears, in all these studies, that technological changes (shifts in the production function) have been far more important than has the mere growth in the supplies of capital and labor inputs, as conventionally measured (movement along an existing production function). In a sense, this should be cause for deep concern, since the comparative neglect of the process of technological change (with the major exceptions until very recent years, of the works of Marx, Schumpeter, and Usher) suggests a serious malallocation of our intellectual resources. If the studies of such people as Abramovitz and Solow are even approximately correct with respect to orders of magnitude, then the contribution of technological change to rising per capita incomes absolutely dwarfs the contribution from a rising but qualitatively unchanging stock of capital. It would appear that we have indeed been playing Hamlet without the Prince.

Party Strength in the United States: Some Corrections

1975 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 641-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul T. David
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Party Strength

Correlative microscopy in distrubuted (client/server) computing environments: tools for catalyzing the rapid dissemination of information about the cell biology of the human prostate

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 682-683
Author(s):  
A. Hakam ◽  
J.T. Gau ◽  
M.L. Grove ◽  
B.A. Evans ◽  
M. Shuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Tissue Bank ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Correlative Microscopy ◽  
Client Server ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Transplant Organ

Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of men in the United States and is the third leading cause of death in men. Despite attempts at early detection, there will be 244,000 new cases and 44,000 deaths from the disease in the United States in 1995. Therapeutic progress against this disease is hindered by an incomplete understanding of prostate epithelial cell biology, the availability of human tissues for in vitro experimentation, slow dissemination of information between prostate cancer research teams and the increasing pressure to “ stretch” research dollars at the same time staff reductions are occurring.To meet these challenges, we have used the correlative microscopy (CM) and client/server (C/S) computing to increase productivity while decreasing costs. Critical elements of our program are as follows:1) Establishing the Western Pennsylvania Genitourinary (GU) Tissue Bank which includes >100 prostates from patients with prostate adenocarcinoma as well as >20 normal prostates from transplant organ donors.

Digital image acquisition, processing, and analysis in a polymer microscopy laboratory

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
Vinod K. Berry ◽  
Xiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Image Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quantitative Image Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Image

In recent years it became apparent that we needed to improve productivity and efficiency in the Microscopy Laboratories in GE Plastics. It was realized that digital image acquisition, archiving, processing, analysis, and transmission over a network would be the best way to achieve this goal. Also, the capabilities of quantitative image analysis, image transmission etc. available with this approach would help us to increase our efficiency. Although the advantages of digital image acquisition, processing, archiving, etc. have been described and are being practiced in many SEM, laboratories, they have not been generally applied in microscopy laboratories (TEM, Optical, SEM and others) and impact on increased productivity has not been yet exploited as well.In order to attain our objective we have acquired a SEMICAPS imaging workstation for each of the GE Plastic sites in the United States. We have integrated the workstation with the microscopes and their peripherals as shown in Figure 1.

Silence of the Land: On the Historical Irrelevance of Territory to Congressional Districting and Political Representation in the United States

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 53-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Rehfeld
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Representative Government ◽  
Congressional District ◽  
Congressional Districts ◽  
Communities Of Interest

Every ten years, the United States “constructs” itself politically. On a decennial basis, U.S. Congressional districts are quite literally drawn, physically constructing political representation in the House of Representatives on the basis of where one lives. Why does the United States do it this way? What justifies domicile as the sole criteria of constituency construction? These are the questions raised in this article. Contrary to many contemporary understandings of representation at the founding, I argue that there were no principled reasons for using domicile as the method of organizing for political representation. Even in 1787, the Congressional district was expected to be far too large to map onto existing communities of interest. Instead, territory should be understood as forming a habit of mind for the founders, even while it was necessary to achieve other democratic aims of representative government.

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