Bacterial Pneumonia in the Elderly: The Observations of Sir William Osler in Retrospect

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 683-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Berk
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 117967071775143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoya Miyashita ◽  
Yasuhiro Yamauchi

Bacterial pneumonia is one of the most important infectious diseases in terms of incidence, effect on quality of life, mortality, and impact on society. Pneumonia was the third leading cause of death in Japan in 2011. In 2016, 119 650 Japanese people died of pneumonia, 96% of whom were aged 65 years and above. The symptoms of pneumonia in elderly people are often atypical. Aspiration pneumonia is seen more frequently than in young people because of swallowing dysfunction in the elderly. The mortality rate is also higher in the elderly than in young people. In Japan, the population is aging at an unprecedented rate, and pneumonia in the elderly will be increasingly important in medicine and medical economics in the future. To manage pneumonia in the elderly, it is important to accurately evaluate its severity, administer appropriate antibiotic treatment, and implement effective preventive measures.


2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A. El Solh ◽  
Alan T. Aquilina ◽  
Hakan Gunen ◽  
Fadi Ramadan

mSphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trudy H. Grossman ◽  
Corey Fyfe ◽  
William O’Brien ◽  
Meredith Hackel ◽  
Mary Beth Minyard ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Rising resistance rates for macrolides, fluoroquinolones, and β-lactams in the most common pathogens associated with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) are of concern, especially for cases of moderate to severe infections in vulnerable populations such as the very young and the elderly. New antibiotics that are active against multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus are needed for use in the empirical treatment of the most severe forms of this disease. TP-271 is a promising new fluorocycline antibiotic demonstrating in vitro potency and nonclinical efficacy by intravenous and oral administration against the major pathogens associated with moderate to severe CABP. TP-271 is a novel, fully synthetic fluorocycline antibiotic in clinical development for the treatment of respiratory infections caused by susceptible and multidrug-resistant pathogens. TP-271 was active in MIC assays against key community respiratory Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, including Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC90 = 0.03 µg/ml), methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA; MIC90 = 0.25 µg/ml), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA; MIC90 = 0.12 µg/ml), Streptococcus pyogenes (MIC90 = 0.03 µg/ml), Haemophilus influenzae (MIC90 = 0.12 µg/ml), and Moraxella catarrhalis (MIC90 ≤0.016 µg/ml). TP-271 showed activity (MIC90 = 0.12 µg/ml) against community-acquired MRSA expressing Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL). MIC90 values against Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, and Chlamydia pneumoniae were 0.004, 1, and 4 µg/ml, respectively. TP-271 was efficacious in neutropenic and immunocompetent animal pneumonia models, generally showing, compared to the burden at the start of dosing, ~2 to 5 log10 CFU reductions against MRSA, S. pneumoniae, and H. influenzae infections when given intravenously (i.v.) and ~1 to 4 log10 CFU reductions when given orally (p.o.). TP-271 was potent against key community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) pathogens and was minimally affected, or unaffected, by tetracycline-specific resistance mechanisms and fluoroquinolone or macrolide drug resistance phenotypes. IMPORTANCE Rising resistance rates for macrolides, fluoroquinolones, and β-lactams in the most common pathogens associated with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) are of concern, especially for cases of moderate to severe infections in vulnerable populations such as the very young and the elderly. New antibiotics that are active against multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus are needed for use in the empirical treatment of the most severe forms of this disease. TP-271 is a promising new fluorocycline antibiotic demonstrating in vitro potency and nonclinical efficacy by intravenous and oral administration against the major pathogens associated with moderate to severe CABP.


1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 99-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Bentley

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 220-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Ebright ◽  
M. W. Rytel

Medicine ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 271-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABRAHAM VERGHESE ◽  
STEVEN L. BERK

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