Transforming the Administrative State: Reform in Hong Kong and the Future of the Developmental State

AbstractAcademic resilience refers to students’ capacity to perform highly despite a disadvantaged background. Although most studies using international large-scale assessment (ILSA) data defined academic resilience with two criteria, student background and achievement, their conceptualizations and operationalizations varied substantially. In a systematic review, we identified 20 ILSA studies applying different criteria, different approaches to setting thresholds (the same fixed ones across countries or relative country-specific ones), and different threshold levels. Our study on the validity of these differences and how they affected the composition of academically resilient students revealed that the classification depended heavily on the threshold applied. When a fixed background threshold was applied, the classification was likely to be affected by the developmental state of a country. This could result in an overestimation of the proportions of academically resilient students in some countries while an underestimation in others. Furthermore, compared to the application of a social or economic capital indication, applying a cultural capital indicator may lead to lower shares of disadvantaged students classified as academically resilient. The composition of academically resilient students varied significantly by gender and language depending on which indicator of human capital or which thresholds were applied reflecting underlying societal characteristics. Conclusions drawn from such different results depending on the specific conceptualizations and operationalizations would vary greatly. Finally, our study utilizing PISA 2015 data from three countries representing diverse cultures and performance levels revealed that a stronger sense of belonging to a school significantly increased the chances to be classified as academically resilient in Peru, but not in Norway or Hong Kong. In contrast, absence from school was significantly associated with academic resilience in Norway and Hong Kong, but not in Peru.

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Hong Kong and Shanghai: current and/or future international financial centres?

Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies ◽

10.1108/jcefts-07-2015-0019 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 183-193

Author(s):

John Adams ◽

Andrew YC Wong

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Success Factors ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Content Type ◽

Financial Centre ◽

Future Success ◽

The Future ◽

Future Policy ◽

First Time

Purpose – This paper publishes summary results for the first time of a major survey of senior financial practitioners undertaken in Hong Kong and Shanghai in 2005, and compares these with the Global Financial Centre Index first created in 2007 to determine the extent to which both are consistent. Design/methodology/approach – The research is based on a detailed survey and utilizes principal-components analysis to determine the primary factors relevant to the development of both cities as international financial centres (IFCs) and those which the respondents consider will be relevant in the future. Findings – The paper demonstrates that the key “success factors” for both cities in 2005 remain very important in the global financial centres index (GFCI) analysis ten years later but not necessarily by the same ranking. We also found that a number of the “primary” factors change when respondents are asked to consider future success factors. Research limitations/implications – The survey was conducted ten years ago; however, the results continue to have significant reliability and validity - especially when compared with the results of the GFCI report of 2014. Practical implications – The paper should enable policy makers and practitioners to better understand the future policy environment needed for extending the financial centre status of both Hong Kong and Shanghai. Originality/value – This is the first time (some) of the survey findings that have ever been published, and they represent a rich source of information – however, the authors will be examining the survey data for future publications.

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Examining the motives and the future career intentions of mainland Chinese pre-service teachers in Hong Kong

Higher Education ◽

10.1007/s10734-015-9897-3 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 71 (2) ◽

pp. 209-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Alan C. K. Cheung ◽

Timothy W. W. Yuen

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Career Intentions ◽

Mainland Chinese ◽

Future Career ◽

The Future

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From Administrative State to Ministerial System: The Quest for Accountability in Hong Kong

Commonwealth and Comparative Politics ◽

10.1080/713999608 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 101-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rowena Kwok

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Administrative State

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Four Asian Tigers' Political and Economic Development Revisited 1998-2017: From the Perspective of National Identity

Asian Journal of Interdisciplinary Research ◽

10.54392/ajir2147 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol .4 (4) ◽

pp. 54-61

Author(s):

Dong-Ching Day

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Hong Kong ◽

National Identity ◽

South Korea ◽

Developmental State ◽

State Theory ◽

Economic Growth Rate ◽

Asian Tigers ◽

Identity Issue ◽

Better Than

Developmental state used to be and is still regarded as a very practical theory to explain why Four Asian Tigers-Taiwan, South Korea, Hong Kong, and Singapore enjoyed almost averagely double-digit economic growth rate each year from 1970 to 1990 as well as East Asian economic development. However, developmental state theory couldn’t tell why South Korea and Singapore’s economic development had done much better than Taiwan and Hong Kong’s in terms of GDP per capita after 2003 and 2004 respectively. The aim of the study is trying to use national identity perspective to explain why it happens like this, since Four Asian Tigers’ economic development more or less was troubled by national identity issue. The major difference between these two groups is that South Korea and Singapore have done better in dealing with national identity issue than Taiwan and Hong Kong.

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Understanding the Interdependency between the Nifty 50 Future Index and the Advanced Future Stock Market through Econometrics

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.d7880.118419 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 3660-3664

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Stock Market ◽

Granger Causality ◽

Foreign Exchange ◽

Financial Market ◽

Stock Prices ◽

Economic Condition ◽

The Future ◽

Bidirectional Movement ◽

High Degree

In recent times the stock market is accepted as a tool to measure the economic condition of a nation. It is found that the Indian financial market as highly volatile due to the lower value of rupees in foreign exchange with the dollar. This motivated the researchers to measure the interdependencies of [Nifty 50 future (India), Nikkei 225(Japan), NASDAQ 100 Futures (USA), Dow Jones 30 (USA), SSEC (China), Hang Seng Future (Hong Kong), and FTSE 100 (London)]. The analysis covers monthly stock prices for a period of 10years from April 2008 to March 2018. The measurement of interdependencies is studied through granger causality and correlation after the confirmation of the non-normality of data and stationary of data. The result shows a high degree of correlation between NASDAQ and Dow Jones shows 98.76% followed by 96.89% between Nifty 50 future and NASDAQ. The co-movement result of Nifty 50 future through granger causality states Nifty 50 future can explain the future stock market of Nikkei (Japan) and SSEC (China) and the Hang Seng future (Hong Kong) has a bidirectional movement with Nifty 50 futures. The study is useful for the investors to identify the interdependencies of the indices and understand the movement in a significant manner.

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