scholarly journals Four Asian Tigers' Political and Economic Development Revisited 1998-2017: From the Perspective of National Identity

2021 ◽  
Vol .4 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Dong-Ching Day
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
National Identity ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
State Theory ◽  
Economic Growth Rate ◽  
Asian Tigers ◽  
Identity Issue ◽  
Better Than

Developmental state used to be and is still regarded as a very practical theory to explain why Four Asian Tigers-Taiwan, South Korea, Hong Kong, and Singapore enjoyed almost averagely double-digit economic growth rate each year from 1970 to 1990 as well as East Asian economic development. However, developmental state theory couldn’t tell why South Korea and Singapore’s economic development had done much better than Taiwan and Hong Kong’s in terms of GDP per capita after 2003 and 2004 respectively. The aim of the study is trying to use national identity perspective to explain why it happens like this, since Four Asian Tigers’ economic development more or less was troubled by national identity issue. The major difference between these two groups is that South Korea and Singapore have done better in dealing with national identity issue than Taiwan and Hong Kong.

The role of Local Economic Development Agencies in South Africa’s developmental state ambitions

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Khambule
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
State Theory ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Economic Development Agencies ◽  
Development Agencies

South Africa’s Local Economic Development Agencies have emerged as appropriate institutional structures for advancing socio-economic development in the local government-led development landscape, due to the inability of local municipalities to lead local economic development. This shift signifies that South Africa is turning to local economic development strategies to address developmental challenges, such as poor socio-economic conditions (unemployment, poverty and inequality), by creating local development solutions and employment opportunities. This article utilises the developmental state theory to examine the role of Local Economic Development Agencies in South Africa’s aspirations of becoming a capable developmental state. While the developmental state literature is concerned with the central role of the state in economic development, this article extends the developmental state theory to the subnational level by arguing that the developmental local government is the local developmental state. In addition, the article locates Local Economic Development Agencies within the developmental state paradigm by showing that Local Economic Development Agencies were established as economic development coordinators at the subnational level to assist local government in addressing South Africa’s triple challenges. Although the roles and functions of South African Local Economic Development Agencies are aligned to the developmental state ideology, their developmental mandate is undermined by the lack of coordination within local institutions.

South Korea during the Park Chung Hee Era: Explaining Korea’s Developmental Decades

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-192
Author(s):  
Kurtuluş Gemici
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Park Chung Hee ◽  
History Of ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

Abstract Despite the voluminous literature on South Korea’s rapid economic development and social transformation in the 1960s and 1970s, the literature in English on Park Chung Hee — the political figure who indelibly marked this era — is still lacking. Furthermore, the existing studies approach the subject of Korea’s fateful decades from general theoretical perspectives, such as the developmental state. This approach inevitably flattens out historical particularity in the process. A recent edited volume, The Park Chung Hee Era: The Transformation of South Korea, fills these gaps by bringing political history back into the study of Korean modernization. The goal of this review essay is a critical evaluation of this volume’s contribution to scholarship on South Korea. It is posited that The Park Chung Hee Era throws light on topics such as Park’s leadership that have been hitherto neglected in the analysis of arguably the most consequential decades in the history of South Korea. However, while the edited volume mounts an effective criticism of existing perspectives on Korea’s developmental decades under Park Chung Hee’s rule, it is less successful in offering a consistent framework to analyze different causal factors shaping the Korean trajectory of economic development.

Public Enterprise and Economic Development: The Korean Case. By Leroy P. Jones. Seoul (Korea): Korea Development Institute. 1975. xiii+293 pp.

1976 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-460
Author(s):  
Aftab Ahmad Cheema
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
South Korea ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Public Enterprise ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Government ◽  
Necessary Evil ◽  
Better Than

While framing policies for economic development the public authorities-are by and large consciously or unconsciously motivated by their ideological convictions. In a capitalist economy, for instance, the government does not normally resort to socialist techniques even if those techniques promote social welfare. But this general rule, like many others, is not without exception. The book under review gives a clear example of such an exception. Public enterprise, though considered a necessary evil (p. 129), is shown to have per¬formed remarkably well in South Korea. During the short period of ten years-(1968-1972), the performance of the public sector in South Korea has been not only far better than in many other countries but the sector has also emerged as-a leading sector of the economy (p. 202).

Development, Discernment, and Death: Dore on the South Korean Economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-728
Author(s):  
Hyung-Gu Lynn
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Other ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Korean Economy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Investments In Education

Ronald Dore's 1977 article in Pacific Affairs, "South Korean Development in Wider Perspective," is a rare example of the scholar known for his writings on Japan applying his analytical lens on South Korea. What were some of this article's most notable areas of foresight and elision related to development studies? This essay answers this question by interpreting connections to publications before and after 1977 to analyze areas of insight under the rubric of "discernment" and overlooked subjects under "death." On one hand, Dore's essay was ahead of the curve in its deft foreshadowing of post-developmentalist, varieties of capitalism, and developmental state approaches to economic development. On the other, Dore sidestepped the effects of death on economic development in three forms: literal— effects of changing mortality rates on investments in education and human capital; industries related to death—wars, munitions production and arms expenditures; and the aftereffects of the death of a scholar—the revisiting and renewal of debates that can sometimes emerge as a result.

Socio-economic Comparison of Singapore, Hong Kong, and South Korea: Implications for Doing Business

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 62-71
Author(s):  
Ayhan OZER ◽  
Mingyang Li ◽  
Fatima Diadhiou ◽  
Likun Fu ◽  
Niels Vanthillo
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
High Income ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
Business Environments ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Asian Tigers ◽  
Exclusive Group ◽  
Economic Comparison

Both South Korea, Hong Kong, and Singapore are part of an exclusive group called ‘The Asian Tigers’. They are high-income economies that offer some of the world’s best living conditions and most competitive business environments. In the following paper, the history, socio-economic environment and industry of Singapore, Hong Kong, and South Korea will be compared and relevant differences highlighted. Through our research, we hope to provide a comprehensive summary for everyone with an interest in conducting business in Asia.

scholarly journals The Neo-Mercantilist Model of Development for Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Jasmanto
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
New Order ◽  
Model Learning ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Asian Tigers ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

<p>Seventy-two years after gaining independence from the Netherlands, the Indonesian economy remains that of a developing country. Under the New Order, the country attained significant economic growth but failed to sustain it. Its neighboring countries like Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan and South Korea have reached sensational economic growth and in a much shorter time were upgraded into developed country status. This article explains the economic model used in their economies that accelerated their economic standing. It finds that Neo-Merchantilist practice has successfully propelled economic growth in certain countries. Asian Tigers also demonstrate economic success with the same model. Learning from success and experience, this article recommends Indonesia to adopt a Neo-Merchantilist economic model for development in order to become a developed country.</p><p><span class="EOP SCXW21480274" data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559685&quot;:630,&quot;335559737&quot;:476,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:276}">BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRAK: Sudah 72 tahun Indonesia merdeka dari Belanda namun perekonomian Indonesia masih digolongkan sebagai negara berkembang. Indonesia mencapai pertumbuhan ekonomi luar biasa di bawah Orde Baru, sayangnya pertumbuhan itu tidak berlangsung lama. Sebaliknya, tetangga Indonesia seperti Singapura, Hong Kong, Korea Selatan dan Taiwan telah mencapai pertumbuhan ekonomi yang sensasional dan telah berpindah dari negara berkembang ke negara maju dalam waktu singkat. Bagaimana mereka melakukan ini? Model ekonomi manakah yang mereka terapkan pada ekonomi mereka? Apakah ada faktor pemicu lain diluar fokus ekonomi Investasi Asing Langsung (Foreign Direct Investmen/FDI) dan berorientasi kepada ekspor dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi? Artikel ini menemukan bahwa praktek ekonomi Neo-Mercantilist berhasil mendorong pembangunan pesat perekonomian Tiongkok. Macan-macan Asia juga menunjukkan perkembangan mengejar ekonomi maju seperti Dunia Barat dan Jepang dengan model yang sama. Haruskah Indonesia sebagai negara berkembang menggunakan model pembangunan ekonomi yang sama? Dengan melihat pengalaman dan keberhasilan ekonomi negara-negara tersebut, artikel ini merekomendasikan agar Indonesia juga menggunakan model pembangunan ekonomi Neo-Mercantilist untuk menjadi negara maju.</span></p>

scholarly journals Political Leadership in South Korea’s Developmental State: A Historical Revisit

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Ratu Ayu Asih Kusuma Putri
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
State Model ◽  
Pragmatic Development ◽  
Park Chung Hee ◽  
Development Trajectory ◽  
Asian Tigers ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S

South Korea under President Park Chung Hee underwent rapid industrialization and experienced phenomenal economic growth making the country one of the Asian Tigers alongside Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Singapore. Had suffered by the long-standing Japanese colonialization, South Korea’s development strategies in its incipient economic venture, interestingly, postulate unforeseen similarities with those imposed by Japan primarily during the phenomenal industrial revolution of the Meiji government (1868-1912). Exponential modernization in South Korea was substantially forged by the implementation of ‘developmental state’ model. The term was initially coined by Johnson (1982) to explain the pacification of government policies – rather than market – to achieve successful economic rejuvenation of post-war Japan. In light to this historical paradox between South Korea and Japan, this article attempts to revisit the embarking point of South Korea’s rapid economic development beginning in the 1960s by drawing attention to the importance of leadership as one of the major components of the developmental state model. It concludes that Park Chung Hee’s strong Japanese linkage combined with his pretext for imposing ‘hard authoritarianism’ is particularly influential in determining South Korea’s pragmatic development trajectory.

24. South Korea

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ferdinand
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Japanese Colonial

This chapter examines South Korea’s developmental state emerging from an authoritarian political base, toward its democratic openings in the 1990s. In 1945, the Korean peninsula was freed from Japanese colonial rule by the United States and the Soviet Union. It was divided into two states: communist North Korea and capitalist South Korea. Since then, South Korea has emerged as one of the success stories of economic development, with the state itself playing a major role. The chapter first considers the historical sources of South Korea’s national strength before discussing the Korean developmental state, focusing on dictatorship and national restoration. It then explores South Korea’s development policies and its transition to democracy, noting the persistence of corruption in the country despite democratic consolidation. It concludes with an assessment of the problems and challenges facing South Korea after achieving economic development over the past sixty years.

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