scholarly journals Familial influences on the clinical characteristics of major depression: a twin study

1992 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Kendler ◽  
M. C. Neale ◽  
R. C. Kessler ◽  
A. C. Heath ◽  
L. J. Eaves
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Familial Influences

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics and sociodemographic features of psychotic major depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-qi Wang ◽  
Ran-ran Wang ◽  
Yu Hao ◽  
Wei-feng Xiong ◽  
Ling Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Center ◽  
Psychiatric Diseases ◽  
First Onset ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychotic Major Depression

Abstract Background Psychotic major depression (PMD) is a subtype of depression with a poor prognosis. Previous studies have failed to find many differences between patients with PMD and those with non-psychotic major depression (NMD) or schizophrenia (SZ). We compared sociodemographic factors (including season of conception) and clinical characteristics between patients with PMD, NMD, and schizophrenia. Our aim was to provide data to help inform clinical diagnoses and future etiology research. Methods This study used data of all patients admitted to Shandong Mental Health Center from June 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017. We analyzed cases who had experienced an episode of PMD (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes F32.3, F33.3), NMD (F32.0–2/9, F33.0–2/9), and SZ (F20–20.9). Data on sex, main discharge diagnosis, date of birth, ethnicity, family history of psychiatric diseases, marital status, age at first onset, education, allergy history, and presence of trigger events were collected. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated using logistic regression analyses. Missing values were filled using the k-nearest neighbor method. Results PMD patients were more likely to have a family history of psychiatric diseases in their first-, second-, and third-degree relatives ([OR] 1.701, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.019–2.804) and to have obtained a higher level of education (OR 1.451, 95% CI 1.168–1.808) compared with depression patients without psychotic features. Compared to PMD patients, schizophrenia patients had lower education (OR 0.604, 95% CI 0.492–0.741), were more often divorced (OR 3.087, 95% CI 1.168–10.096), had a younger age of onset (OR 0.934, 95% CI 0.914–0.954), less likely to have a history of allergies (OR 0.604, 95% CI 0.492–0.741), and less likely to have experienced a trigger event 1 year before first onset (OR 0.420, 95% CI 0.267–0.661). Season of conception, ethnicity, and sex did not differ significantly between PMD and NMD or schizophrenia and PMD. Conclusions PMD patients have more similarities with NMD patients than SZ patients in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics. The differences found between PMD and SZ, and PMD and NMD correlated with specificity of the diseases. Furthermore, allergy history should be considered in future epidemiological studies of psychotic disorders.

A twin study of smoking, nicotine dependence, and major depression in men

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lyons ◽  
Brian Hitsman ◽  
Hong Xian ◽  
Matthew Panizzon ◽  
Beth Jerskey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Twin Study

scholarly journals Reliability of a lifetime history of major depression: implications for heritability and co-morbidity

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 857-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. FOLEY ◽  
M. C. NEALE ◽  
K. S. KENDLER
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Psychiatric Interview ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Familial Influences ◽  
History Of

Background. In unselected samples, the diagnosis of major depression (MD) is not highly reliable. It is not known if occasion-specific influences on reliability index familial risk factors for MD, or how reliability is associated with risk for co-morbid anxiety disorders.Methods. An unselected sample of 847 female twin pairs was interviewed twice, 5 years apart, about their lifetime history (LTH) of MD, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and panic disorder (PD). Familial influences on reliability were examined using structural equation models. Logistic regression was used to identify clinical features that predict reliable diagnosis. Co-morbidity was characterized using the continuation ratio test.Results. The reliability of a LTH of MD over 5 years was fair (κ=0·43). There was no evidence for occasion-specific familial influences on reliability, and heritability of reliably diagnosed MD was estimated at 66%. Subjects with unreliably diagnosed MD reported fewer symptoms and, if diagnosed with MD only at the first interview, less impairment and help seeking, or, if diagnosed with MD only at the second interview, fewer episodes and a longer illness. A history of co-morbid GAD or PD is more prevalent among subjects with reliably diagnosed MD.Conclusions. A diagnosis of MD based on a single psychiatric interview incorporates a substantial amount of measurement error but there is no evidence that transient influences on recall and diagnosis index familial risk for MD. Quantitative indices of risk for MD based on multiple interviews should reflect both the characteristics of MD and the temporal order of positive diagnoses.

Les manifestations psychiatriques dans la démence: perspective phénoménologique

1993 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 671-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Paquette
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychological Evaluations ◽  
Operational Criteria ◽  
Psychiatric Manifestations

The study of psychiatric manifestations in dementia has long been overshadowed by the more classical manifestations of the disease, such as memory loss and other cognitive deficits. In recent years, however, psychiatric symptoms as part of the demential process have attracted interest and research has become more specific. Clinicians are faced with diagnostic, treatment and management difficulties related to affective or psychotic symptoms, which account for much distress and morbidity. Several studies indicate that the prevalence of psychiatric manifestations in clinical populations of patients suffering from dementia is high: 15% to 30% for hallucinations, 15% to 30% for delusions, ten percent to 20% for major depression and 40% to 50% for depressed mood. These figures tend to confirm the hypothesis that psychiatric features in dementia are neither infrequent nor atypical. Thus, researchers have sought to link psychotic or depressive symptomatology with several clinical characteristics of dementia, namely stage, severity, prognosis or cognitive dysfunction. Some recent studies involving extensive neuropsychological evaluations indicate that subgroups of patients can be defined according to psychiatric criteria, as well as cognitive or neurological criteria. Unfortunately, results are inconsistent. Some of the contradictions in the literature are related to poorly defined terms and symptoms, a lack of reliable operational criteria, absence of validation of instruments and scales and heterogeneity of the populations studied. Ambiguous syndromes, such as pseudodementia, while illustrative of certain clinical situations, have not been helpful in categorizing demented patients. The author suggests that research focused on specific and clearly defined psychiatric symptoms in dementia will better serve our comprehension of mixed syndromes.

Intra- and extra-familial influences on alcohol and drug misuse: a twin study of gene-environment correlation

Addiction ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 1307-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry L. Jang ◽  
Philip A. Vernon ◽  
W. John Livesley ◽  
Murray B. Stein ◽  
Heike Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Twin Study ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Familial Influences

Clinical characteristics of outpatients with chronic major depression

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.John Rush ◽  
Gerd Laux ◽  
Donna E. Giles ◽  
Robin B. Jarrett ◽  
Jan Weissenburger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Clinical Characteristics

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics of women with major depression who suffered sexual abuse in childhood

2019 ◽  
Vol 154 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Ortiz-Guzmán ◽  
María C. Ibarra-Alcantar ◽  
Francisco J. Alvarado-Cruz ◽  
Hermelinda Graciano-Morales ◽  
Alejandro Jiménez-Genchi
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Clinical Characteristics

The Clinical Characteristics of Major Depression as Indices of the Familial Risk to Illness

1994 ◽  
Vol 165 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Kendler ◽  
Michael C. Neale ◽  
Ronald C. Kessler ◽  
Andrew C. Heath ◽  
Lindon J. Eaves
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Generalised Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Familial Vulnerability

BackgroundFrom both a clinical and an aetiological perspective, major depression (MD) is probably a heterogeneous condition. We attempt to relate these two domains.MethodWe examined which of an extensive series of clinical characteristics in 646 female twins from a population-based register with a lifetime diagnosis of MD predicts the risk for MD in co-twins. MD was defined by DSM–III–R criteria.ResultsFour variables uniquely predicted an increased risk for MD in the co-twin: number of episodes, degree of impairment and co-morbidity with panic disorder or bulimia. One variable uniquely predicted decreased risk: co-morbidity with phobia. Variables that did not uniquely predict risk of MD in the co-twin included age at onset, number and kind of depressive symptoms, treatment seeking, duration of the longest episode and co-morbidity with generalised anxiety disorder and alcohol dependence.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the clinical features of MD can be meaningfully related to the familial vulnerability to illness, particularly with respect to recurrence, impairment and patterns of co-morbidity.

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