Congenital Malformations in Diabetic Pregnancy: the Clinical Relevance of Experimental Animal Studies

AbstractThis study aimed to examine and recognize the impacts of antinoplastic chemotherapeutics on the development of dental germ, employing a systematic review. A retrieving in the literature was carried out, using several medical and scientifical databases (ClinicalKey, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, MedLine, PubMed, and ScienceDirect), by two investigators separately. In the end of this systematic search, eight articles met the required criteria for inclusion and, therefore, composed the results. Among these, four articles are about observational studies in humans, and the other four about experimental animal studies. In both cases and species, anomalies such as microdontia, hypodontia/agenesia, and root shortening were observed. The severity and frequency varied according to the nature of the chemotherapeutics applied as well as the administered dosage and the patient's age at the time of first exposure. Through the results, it was possible to show the direct impacts of chemotherapy on the odontogenesis process as well as factors such as the type of chemotherapy, the age of the individual at the time of first exposure and the dosage used. All of those should be taken into account when choosing a therapeutic protocol for an oncology patient. Besides, we observed the need for more studies in this area and that these should be standardized in order to allow an objective and direct analysis of comparable parameters, even when different approaches are used.

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The Determination and Evaluation of Capillary Resistance—A Review of Methodology

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v20.1.83.83 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 83-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

JENÖ KRAMÁR

Keyword(s):

Experimental Animal ◽

Clinical Studies ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Short Intervals ◽

Pressure Method ◽

Capillary Resistance ◽

Erroneous Interpretation

Abstract In view of the uncertainty and inadequacy still prevailing in the routine determination and interpretation of capillary resistance, the problem has been analyzed in the hope of contributing to a much needed improvement. (1) The pressure and suction methods have been compared and a good correlation found. A study of the mechanisms involved reveals that both methods rest upon a common underlying mechanism. The suction method is in reality a miniature pressure method. (2) Scrutiny of the merits and shortcomings of the two methods leads to the conclusion that the pressure method can serve only for crude estimations of capillary resistance. Detailed clinical studies of capillary resistance requiring repeated accurate measurements at short intervals, as well as experimental animal studies, necessitate the suction method as the obvious method of choice. (3) The three main causes of the present undesirable situation in this field are discussed: lack of standardization; inadequate realization of the pitfalls of testing; and erroneous interpretation of findings.

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