scholarly journals Evolving while invading: rapid adaptive evolution in juvenile development time for a biological control organism colonizing a high-elevation environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 524-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter B. McEvoy ◽  
Kimberley M. Higgs ◽  
Eric M. Coombs ◽  
Evrim Karaçetin ◽  
Leigh Ann Starcevich
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Adaptive Evolution ◽  
Development Time ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Juvenile Development

scholarly journals Effects of temperature on development, reproduction and size of Trichogramma achaeae: implications for biological control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Chen ◽  
Jesper Givskov Sorensen ◽  
Annie Enkegaard
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Thermal Biology ◽  
Female Longevity ◽  
Trichogramma Achaeae ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

The performance of biological control agents (BCAs) in outdoor crops is strongly regulated by ambient temperature. Understanding the thermal biology of BCAs and manipulating their thermal performance could improve biological control efficacy. In this study, the effects of temperature on several life history parameters (longevity, fecundity, development time, wing size) of the recently commercialised egg parasitoid Trichogramma achaeae Nagaraja & Nagarkatti (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) was examined. First, parasitoids were reared at 23 °C and tested in the laboratory at four constant temperatures (15, 20, 25 and 30 °C). Results demonstrated that temperature significantly altered all above parameters. Second, developmental acclimation was applied to manipulate the laboratory performance. Parasitoids were allowed to develop at either of the above four temperatures and their performance were compared at 23 °C. Results showed that developmental acclimation had a significant impact on fecundity, development time and wing size but not on female longevity. Our results have implications for improving the performance of T. achaeae in mass production and for its application for biological control under different thermal conditions.

scholarly journals Biology and morphometrics of the immature stages of Epinotia aporema on artificial diet

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Arneodo ◽  
Graciela Quintana ◽  
Alicia Sciocco-Cap
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Egg Incubation ◽  
Insect Interactions ◽  
Epinotia Aporema

The objective of this work was to establish a life table for the immature stages of Epinotia aporema, as part of a wider investigation on its biological control. Insects were reared on an artificial diet at 25±1ºC and a 16:8 (light:dark) hour photoperiod. For the identification of larval instars for the study of pathogen-insect interactions under laboratory conditions, head capsule widths (HCWs) were also determined. The egg incubation period was 4.13±0.30 days, larval stage took 11.64±0.49 days, and the development time of the pupal phase was sex-dependent with 8.51±0.69 days for the females and 9.41±0.65 days for the males. Five larval instars were identified.

Empirical analysis of the effect of temperature on marine harpacticoid copepod development time

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1376-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald G. Webb ◽  
Timothy R. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Harpacticoid Copepod ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Predictive Equations ◽  
Harpacticoid Copepods ◽  
Power Curves ◽  
Juvenile Development ◽  
Copepod Development

Predictive equations to estimate development time from environmental temperature for marine harpacticoid copepods were developed from data extracted from the literature. Separate equations were constructed for egg, nauplius, copepodite, and total juvenile development, as well as for generation time. Power curves adequately described the data and each regression was significant (P < 0.001). Approximately 50% of the variance in each data set was explained by regression on temperature. Predictions of development time generally were precise, with the upper 95% confidence limit 39–65% greater than the prediction at low temperatures (4–5 °C), 7–13% greater at mean temperatures (17.6–19.3 °C), and 13–31% greater at high temperatures (28–40 °C). Application of these predictive equations will facilitate analysis of the population dynamics and production of marine harpacticoid copepods.

scholarly journals Alpine speciation and morphological innovations: revelations from a species-rich genus in the Northern Hemisphere

AoB Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yazhou Zhang ◽  
Jianguo Chen ◽  
Hang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Adaptive Evolution ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Local Diversity ◽  
Climate Stability

Abstract Background and Aims A large number of studies have attempted to determine the mechanisms driving plant diversity and distribution on a global scale, but the diverse and endemic alpine herbs found in harsh environments, showing adaptive evolution, require more studies. Methods Here, we selected 466 species from the genus Saussurea, one of the northern hemisphere’s highest-altitude plant genera with high species richness and striking morphological traits, to explore the mechanisms driving speciation and adaptative evolution. We conducted phylogenetic signals analysis and ancestral character estimation to explore the phylogenetic significance of ecological factors. Moreover, we used spatial simultaneous autoregressive (SAR) error models, modified t-tests and partial regression models to quantify the relative effects of ecological factors and morphological diversity upon diversity and endemism of Saussurea. Key Results Phylogenetic analyses reveal that geological influences and climate stability exhibit significant phylogenetic signals and that Saussurea originated at a relatively high elevation. Regression models indicate that geological influences and climatic stability significantly affect the diversity and endemism patterns of Saussurea and its morphological innovations. Moreover, morphological innovations in an area show significant contributions to the local diversity and endemism of Saussurea. Conclusions We conclude that geological influences (mean altitude and topographic heterogeneity), glacial–interglacial climate stability and phylogenetic conservatism have together promoted the speciation and adaptive evolution of the genus Saussurea. In addition, adaptively morphological innovations of alpine species also promote diversification in local regions. Our findings improve the understanding of the distribution pattern of diversity/endemism and adaptive evolution of alpine specie in the whole northern hemisphere.

Determination of biotypes of Dactylopius tomentosus (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) and insights into the taxonomic relationships of their hosts, Cylindropuntia spp.

2009 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.W. Mathenge ◽  
P. Holford ◽  
J.H. Hoffmann ◽  
H.G. Zimmermann ◽  
R. Spooner-Hart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Female Development ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
And Performance

AbstractHost specialization to form biotypes is common among phytophagous insects, and it has been hypothesised that biotypes of Dactylopius tomentosus L. (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) occur. D. tomentosus is an important biological control agent for Cylindropuntia cacti when they occur as weeds. Additionally, there is uncertainty surrounding the taxonomic status of some species of Cylindropuntia. This study aimed to confirm the existence of D. tomentosus biotypes and to assess whether host specialization can help to resolve this systematic uncertainty. For this study, the host specificity and performance of ten provenances of D. tomentosus collected from C. cholla, C. fulgida var. fulgida, C. imbricata, C. f. var. mamillata, C. rosea and C. tunicata and reared on C. cholla, C. fulgida var. fulgida, C. imbricata and C. rosea were investigated. Five life-history parameters were measured including: crawler development time and survival, female development time, and the weight and number of eggs produced by females. Results revealed significant variation in host specificity with provenances either thriving, surviving or dying on the different hosts, thus demonstrating the existence of biotypes. Also, host specificity was related to host species and not to the geographic locality from which either the host or provenance was sourced. These findings suggest that the characteristics of Cylindropuntia species may differ sufficiently, there by presenting different selection pressures that induce and sustain distinct biotypes of D. tomentosus. The observed host use patterns of the biotypes separated the plant species into two groups that accorded with known phylogenetic relationships among Cylindropuntia species, suggesting that biotypes can be used to elucidate their taxonomic relatedness. Besides advancing our knowledge of the ecology and evolution of D. tomentosus, these novel findings have important implications for the biological control of Cylindropuntia species.

scholarly journals Adaptive evolution of a generalist parasitoid: implications for the effectiveness of biological control agents

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 983-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca A. Zepeda‐Paulo ◽  
Sebastián A. Ortiz‐Martínez ◽  
Christian C. Figueroa ◽  
Blas Lavandero
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Adaptive Evolution ◽  
Biological Control Agents

The lifespans of the potential biological control agents in the family Blattisociidae (Acari: Mesostigmata)

Zoosymposia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
NA ZHANG ◽  
LIXIA XIE
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
The Family ◽  
Main Factors

This review summarized the duration of immature stages (egg to adult) and adult lifespans of the mites in the family Blattisociidae based on literature published from 1965 to 2021. We found 57 articles with information on the ecology and biology of the blattisociids. The lifespan and duration of immature stages were only reported in 16 out of 400 species. Most of the experiments were conducted in the laboratory, which may not accurately reflect their lifespans in nature. Temperatures, diets, and pesticides are the main factors that affect the lifespan of blattisociids. Low temperature could significantly prolong the lifespan and duration of immature stages of blattisociids. Different prey species or stages also affect the development time and lifespan of blattisociids significantly.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document