Intramembrane particle structures in epithelial cells of the toad urinary bladder: a quantitative freeze-fracture study

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 65-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy L. Shinowara ◽  
Thomas A. Palaia ◽  
Vincent A. Discala
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Toad Urinary Bladder ◽  
Intramembrane Particle ◽  
Fracture Study

scholarly journals Evidence that ADH-stimulated intramembrane particle aggregates are transferred from cytoplasmic to luminal membranes in toad bladder epithelial cells.

1980 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Muller ◽  
W A Kachadorian ◽  
V A DiScala
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Toad Urinary Bladder ◽  
Granular Cells ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Intramembrane Particle ◽  
Luminal Membrane ◽  
Particle Aggregates ◽  
Cytoplasmic Structures ◽  
Induced Changes

In freeze-fracture (FF) preparations of ADH-stimulated toad urinary bladder, characteristic intramembrane particle (IMP) aggregates are seen on the protoplasmic (P) face of the luminal membrane of granular cells while complementary parallel grooves are found on the exoplasmic (E) face. These IMP aggregates specifically correlate with ADH-induced changes in water permeability. Tubular cytoplasmic structures whose membranes contain IMP aggregates which look identical to the IMP aggregates in the luminal membrane have also been described in granular cells from unstimulated and ADH-stimulated bladders. The diameter of these cytoplasmic structures (0.11 +/- 0.004 micrometers) corresponds to that of tubular invaginations of the luminal membrane seen in thin sections of ADH-treated bladders (0.13 +/- 0.005 micrometers). Continuity between the membranes of these cytoplasmic structures (which are not granules) and the luminal membrane has been directly observed in favorable cross-fractures. In FF preparations of the luminal membrane, these apparent fusion events are seen as round, ice-filled invaginations (0.13 +/- 0.01 micrometer Diam), of which about half have the characteristic ADH-associated aggregates near the point of membrane fusion. They are less numerous than, but linearly related to, the number of aggregates counted in the same preparations (n = 78, r = 0.71, P less than 0.01). These observations suggest that the IMP aggregates seen in luminal membrane after ADH stimulation are transferred preformed by fusion of cytoplasmic with luminal membrane.

Release of cyclic AMP by toad urinary bladder

1975 ◽  
Vol 228 (3) ◽  
pp. 954-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Urakabe ◽  
JS Handler ◽  
J Orloff
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Water Permeability ◽  
Ringer Solution ◽  
Mucosal Surface ◽  
Toad Urinary Bladder ◽  
Solution Bathing

Cyclic AMP accumulates in the Ringer solution bathing the toad urinary bladder in vitro. At least 4 times more cyclic AMP is released into the solution bathing the serosal surface than into the solution bathing the mucosal surface. Most of the cyclic AMP originates in the epithelial cells rather than the stroma. Vasopressin increased the content of cyclic AMP in the epithelial cells and increases the amount of cyclic AMP in the Ringer solution. Since there is not an increase in medium cyclic AMP when cell cyclic AMP levels are increased by theophylline, it is suggested that theophylline may reduce the permeability of the cell membrane to cyclic AMP. Finally, it is demonstrated that 10 mM NaF increase the amount of cyclic AMP in the epithelial cells and in the solution bathing the bladder, but block the effect of vasopressin on water permeability, presumably at a step subsequent to the formation of cyclic AMP.

Subcellular fractionation of epithelial cells from toad urinary bladder. 1. Assay of marker enzymes and differential centrifugation

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Véronique Ripoche ◽  
Renaud Beauwens ◽  
Michèle Bouisset ◽  
Alain Amar-Costesec ◽  
Henri Beaufay
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Subcellular Fractionation ◽  
Toad Urinary Bladder ◽  
Differential Centrifugation ◽  
Marker Enzymes

scholarly journals ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF ABSORPTION OF TRACER MATERIALS BY TOAD URINARY BLADDER EPITHELIUM

1965 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Kwon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Toad Urinary Bladder ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Bladder Epithelium ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Tracer Particles

The absorption of Thorotrast and saccharated iron oxide by the epithelium of the toad urinary bladder was studied by electron microscopy. Whether the toads were hydrated, dehydrated, or given Pitressin, no significant differences in transport of colloidal particles by epithelial cells were observed. This implies that these physiological factors had little effect on the transport of the tracer particles. Tracer particles were encountered in three types of epithelial cells which line the bladder lumen, but most frequently in the mitochondria-rich cells. Tracer materials were incorporated into the cytoplasm of epithelial cells after being adsorbed to the coating layer covering the luminal surface of the cells. In the intermediate stage (1 to 3 hours after introducing tracer) particles were present in small vesicles, tubules, and multivesicular bodies. In the later stages (up to 65 hours), the particles were more commonly seen to be densely packed within large membrane-bounded bodies which were often found near the Golgi region. These large bodies probably were formed by the fusion of small vesicles. Irrespective of the stages of absorption, no particles were found in the intercellular spaces or in the submucosa. Particles apparently did not penetrate the intercellular spaces of the epithelium beyond the level of the tight junction.

The Arrangement of the Actin Lattice in the Basal Cytoplasm of Toad Urinary Bladder Epithelial Cells

1984 ◽  
Vol 435 (1 First Colloqu) ◽  
pp. 268-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
LISA R. GRILLONE ◽  
JOHN S. CONDEELIS ◽  
JOSEPH F. GENNARO
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Toad Urinary Bladder
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