Forecasting the type 2 diabetes mellitus epidemic and the role of key risk factors in Oman up to 2050: Mathematical modeling analyses

AbstractWe aimed to characterize the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) epidemic and the role of key risk factors in Jordan between 1990–2050, and to forecast the T2DM-related costs. A recently-developed population-level T2DM mathematical model was adapted and applied to Jordan. The model was fitted to six population-based survey data collected between 1990 and 2017. T2DM prevalence was 14.0% in 1990, and projected to be 16.0% in 2020, and 20.6% in 2050. The total predicted number of T2DM cases were 218,326 (12,313 were new cases) in 1990, 702,326 (36,941 were new cases) in 2020, and 1.9 million (79,419 were new cases) in 2050. Out of Jordan’s total health expenditure, 19.0% in 1990, 21.1% in 2020, and 25.2% in 2050 was forecasted to be spent on T2DM. The proportion of T2DM incident cases attributed to obesity was 55.6% in 1990, 59.5% in 2020, and 62.6% in 2050. Meanwhile, the combined contribution of smoking and physical inactivity hovered around 5% between 1990 and 2050. Jordan’s T2DM epidemic is predicted to grow sizably in the next three decades, driven by population ageing and high and increasing obesity levels. The national strategy to prevent T2DM needs to be strengthened by focusing it on preventive interventions targeting T2DM and key risk factors.

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Role of Metabolic Risk Factors, Family History, and Genetic Polymorphisms (PPARγ and TCF7L2) on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Risk in an Asian Indian Population

Public Health Genomics ◽

10.1159/000514506 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Plaban Chaudhuri ◽

Mithun Das ◽

Indrani Lodh ◽

Riddhi Goswami

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Asian Indian ◽

Risk Allele ◽

Indian Women ◽

Asian Indian Women

Introduction: Women with family history of diabetes (FHD) are at significantly increased risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus which may eventually lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in later life. Objective: This study investigates the role of FHD on metabolic markers and gene polymorphisms and hence on T2DM susceptibility in nondiabetic pregnant women and the subsequent risks in their newborns. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 200 healthy (nondiabetic and normotensive) adult Asian Indian women, including 100 with and 100 without FHD, living in and around Kolkata, India. During the gestational period, they were studied twice and followed up till delivery. During delivery, both mothers’ venous blood and cord blood were collected to estimate serum CRP, glucose, and lipid profiles of the respective mothers and their newborns. Genotyping of PPARγ and TCF7L2 polymorphisms was done from these blood samples. Results: A comparison of the metabolic variables among the subjects with and without FHD revealed significant differences among them. We also found close relationship between mothers and their newborn babies in terms of both PPARγ (rs1801282) C/G and TCF7L2 (rs7903146) C/T polymorphisms. More specifically, genotyping results for mothers with FHD and their newborn babies showed high concordance in inheritance of alleles: (i) for PPARγ via the risk allele G (74.0%) which is carried over to the newborn babies (64.5%) and (ii) for TCF7L2 via the risk allele T (73.0%) which is carried over to the newborn babies (68.5%). Conclusion: This study leads to the conclusion that Asian Indian women population based in Kolkata, India, are ethnically and genetically predisposed to the risk factors of diabetes through FHD, which is reflected in their gestational phase, and it has a significant implication on their birth outcomes.

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Role of vitamin D in risk factors of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Medicina Clínica (English Edition) ◽

10.1016/j.medcle.2019.04.037 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 154 (5) ◽

pp. 151-156

Author(s):

Qingqing Zhang ◽

Yucheng Wu ◽

Yu Lu ◽

Xiaoqiang Fei

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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Assessment of the Role of Serum 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Level on Coronary Heart Disease Risk With Stratification Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Angiology ◽

10.1177/0003319720951411 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 86-92

Author(s):

Abdülbari Bener ◽

Abdulla O. A. A. Al-Hamaq ◽

Susu M. Zughaier ◽

Mustafa Öztürk ◽

Abdülkadir Ömer

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Uric Acid ◽

25 Hydroxy Vitamin D

We investigated the role of vitamin D on glycemic regulation and cardiac complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 1139 patients (49.3% males vs 50.7% females) were included. Information on sociodemographic lifestyle, family history, blood pressure (BP), and coronary heart disease (CHD) complications was collected. Significant differences were found between males and females regarding age-groups ( P = .002), body mass index (BMI; P = .008), physical activity ( P = .010), sheesha smoking ( P = .016), cigarette smoking ( P = .002), hypertension ( P = .050), metabolic syndrome ( P = .026), and CHD ( P = .020). There were significant differences between vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency in relation to age-group ( P = .002), income ( P = .002), waist circumference ( P = .002), hip circumference ( P = .028), waist–hip ratio ( P = .002), and BMI ( P = .002). Further, mean values of hemoglobin, magnesium, creatinine, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol, uric acid, and diastolic BP were significantly higher among patients with vitamin D deficiency compared with those with insufficiency and sufficiency. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that 25-hydroxy vitamin D, 25(OH)D, HbA1c, waist circumference, uric acid, duration of T2DM, total cholesterol, systolic and diastolic BP, and BMI were strong predictor risk factors for CHD among patients with T2DM. The present study supports that 25(OH)D may have a direct effect on CHD and on its risk factors.

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