scholarly journals Actin dynamics in growth cone motility and navigation

2013 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy M. Gomez ◽  
Paul C. Letourneau
Keyword(s):  
Growth Cone ◽  
Actin Dynamics

scholarly journals BMP gradients steer nerve growth cones by a balancing act of LIM kinase and Slingshot phosphatase on ADF/cofilin

2007 ◽  
Vol 178 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhexing Wen ◽  
Liang Han ◽  
James R. Bamburg ◽  
Sangwoo Shim ◽  
Guo-li Ming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Cone ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Growth Cones ◽  
Actin Dynamics ◽  
Lim Kinase ◽  
Nerve Growth ◽  
Nerve Growth Cones ◽  
Transient Receptor ◽  
Calcineurin Phosphatase

Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) are involved in axon pathfinding, but how they guide growth cones remains elusive. In this study, we report that a BMP7 gradient elicits bidirectional turning responses from nerve growth cones by acting through LIM kinase (LIMK) and Slingshot (SSH) phosphatase to regulate actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin-mediated actin dynamics. Xenopus laevis growth cones from 4–8-h cultured neurons are attracted to BMP7 gradients but become repelled by BMP7 after overnight culture. The attraction and repulsion are mediated by LIMK and SSH, respectively, which oppositely regulate the phosphorylation-dependent asymmetric activity of ADF/cofilin to control the actin dynamics and growth cone steering. The attraction to repulsion switching requires the expression of a transient receptor potential (TRP) channel TRPC1 and involves Ca2+ signaling through calcineurin phosphatase for SSH activation and growth cone repulsion. Together, we show that spatial regulation of ADF/cofilin activity controls the directional responses of the growth cone to BMP7, and Ca2+ influx through TRPC tilts the LIMK-SSH balance toward SSH-mediated repulsion.

scholarly journals Adhesive L1CAM-Robo Signaling Aligns Growth Cone F-Actin Dynamics to Promote Axon-Dendrite Fasciculation in C. elegans

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Hao Chen ◽  
Hao-Wei Hsu ◽  
Yun-Hsuan Chang ◽  
Chun-Liang Pan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Cone ◽  
Actin Dynamics ◽  
C Elegans

scholarly journals The Role of Arp2/3 in Growth Cone Actin Dynamics and Guidance Is Substrate Dependent

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (17) ◽  
pp. 5895-5908 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. San Miguel-Ruiz ◽  
P. C. Letourneau
Keyword(s):  
Growth Cone ◽  
Actin Dynamics

Regulation of Growth Cone Initiation and Actin Dynamics by ADF/Cofilin

2007 ◽  
pp. 25-56
Author(s):  
Kevin Flynn ◽  
Chi Pak ◽  
James R. Bamburg
Keyword(s):  
Growth Cone ◽  
Actin Dynamics ◽  
Regulation Of Growth

scholarly journals Adhesive L1CAM-Robo Signaling Aligns Growth Cone F-Actin Dynamics to Promote Axon-Dendrite Fasciculation in C. elegans

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-228.e5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Hao Chen ◽  
Hao-Wei Hsu ◽  
Yun-Hsuan Chang ◽  
Chun-Liang Pan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Cone ◽  
Actin Dynamics ◽  
C Elegans

scholarly journals Functional Redundancy of Cyclase-Associated Proteins CAP1 and CAP2 in Differentiating Neurons

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1525
Author(s):  
Felix Schneider ◽  
Isabell Metz ◽  
Sharof Khudayberdiev ◽  
Marco B. Rust
Keyword(s):  
Growth Cone ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Functional Redundancy ◽  
Actin Dynamics ◽  
Actin Binding ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Neuron Differentiation ◽  
Associated Proteins

Cyclase-associated proteins (CAPs) are evolutionary-conserved actin-binding proteins with crucial functions in regulating actin dynamics, the spatiotemporally controlled assembly and disassembly of actin filaments (F-actin). Mammals possess two family members (CAP1 and CAP2) with different expression patterns. Unlike most other tissues, both CAPs are expressed in the brain and present in hippocampal neurons. We recently reported crucial roles for CAP1 in growth cone function, neuron differentiation, and neuron connectivity in the mouse brain. Instead, CAP2 controls dendritic spine morphology and synaptic plasticity, and its dysregulation contributes to Alzheimer’s disease pathology. These findings are in line with a model in which CAP1 controls important aspects during neuron differentiation, while CAP2 is relevant in differentiated neurons. We here report CAP2 expression during neuron differentiation and its enrichment in growth cones. We therefore hypothesized that CAP2 is relevant not only in excitatory synapses, but also in differentiating neurons. However, CAP2 inactivation neither impaired growth cone morphology and motility nor neuron differentiation. Moreover, CAP2 mutant mice did not display any obvious changes in brain anatomy. Hence, differently from CAP1, CAP2 was dispensable for neuron differentiation and brain development. Interestingly, overexpression of CAP2 rescued not only growth cone size in CAP1-deficient neurons, but also their morphology and differentiation. Our data provide evidence for functional redundancy of CAP1 and CAP2 in differentiating neurons, and they suggest compensatory mechanisms in single mutant neurons.

scholarly journals Regulation of Growth Cone Actin Dynamics by ADF/Cofilin

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravine A. Gungabissoon ◽  
James R. Bamburg
Keyword(s):  
Actin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Growth Cone ◽  
Rho Gtpases ◽  
System Development ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Growth Cones ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Actin Dynamics ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Lim Kinase

Nervous system development is reliant on neuronal pathfinding, the process in which axons are guided to their target cells by specific extracellular cues. The ability of neurons to extend over long distances in response to environmental guidance signals is made possible by the growth cone, a highly motile structure found at the end of neuronal processes. Growth cones detect directional cues and respond with either attractive or repulsive movements. The motility of growth cones is dependent on rapid reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, presumably mediated by actin-associated proteins under the control of incoming guidance signals. This article reviews how one such family of proteins, the ADF/cofilins, are emerging as key regulators of growth cone actin dynamics. These proteins are essential for rapid actin turnover in a variety of different cell types. ADF/cofilins are heavily co-localized with actin in growth cones and are necessary for neurite outgrowth. ADF/cofilin activities are regulated through reversible phosphorylation by LIM kinases and slingshot phosphatases. LIM kinases are downstream effectors of the Rho GTPases Rho, Rac, and Cdc42. Growing evidence suggests that extracellular guidance cues may locally alter actin dynamics by regulating the activity of LIM kinase and ADF/cofilin phosphatases via the Rho GTPases. In this way, ADF/cofilins and their upstream effectors may be pivotal to our understanding of how guidance information is translated into physical alterations of the growth cone actin cytoskeleton.

scholarly journals Analyses of Actin Dynamics, Clutch Coupling and Traction Force for Growth Cone Advance

10.3791/63227 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takunori Minegishi ◽  
Ryosuke Fujikawa ◽  
Ria Fajarwati Kastian ◽  
Yuichi Sakumura ◽  
Naoyuki Inagaki
Keyword(s):  
Growth Cone ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Actin Dynamics
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