Fatty acid synthase and Ki‐67 immunoexpression can be useful for the identification of malignant component in carcinoma ex‐pleomorphic adenoma

Abstract Introduction The carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) arises from a pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and is supposed to gain lipogenesis and glycogenesis during its malignant transformation. Increased lipogenesis is a characteristic of cancer cells, consisting of increased fatty acid synthesis by the enzyme fatty acid synthase (FASN) and by the accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets, which express adipophilin. The increase in glycolytic metabolism has been associated with the activity of glycolytic enzymes and glucose transporters (GLUTs), whose expression is induced by HIF-1 (inducing factor of hypoxia 1). Objectives To analyze the gene expression of FASN, adipophilin, HIF-1α, and GLUT-1 in PA and CXPA samples. Methodology Gene expression analysis of the FASN, adipophilin, HIF1-α, and GLUT-1 genes was performed by the real-time PCR (qPCR) method. Fourteen cases of PA and 14 cases of CXAP were evaluated. Results FASN, adipophilin, HIF-1α, and GLUT-1 were more expressed in CXAP than in AP, although there was no significant difference between levels of adipophilin expression in CXPA and PA. Conclusion Increased expression of FASN, HIF1-α, and GLUT-1 in CXAP may be associated with malignant transformation of PA, while additional studies are needed to understand the role of adipophilin in PA carcinogenesis. Moreover, this is the first study to investigate the role of these genes in the malignant transformation of PA.

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Cellular Proliferation Index between Carcinoma Ex-Pleomorphic Adenoma and Pleomorphic Adenoma

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201300369 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 416-421 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fernanda Viviane Mariano ◽

Ana Flávia Costa ◽

Rogério Oliveira Gondak ◽

Antonio Santos Martins ◽

André Del Negro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Minimally Invasive ◽

Pleomorphic Adenoma ◽

Cellular Proliferation ◽

Sarcomatoid Carcinoma ◽

Proliferation Index ◽

Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma ◽

Proliferative Index ◽

Salivary Duct ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Duct Carcinoma

<p>Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) has been considered an interesting model of carcinogenesis, presenting various histological subtypes and invasiveness phase. The objective was to determine the proliferative index of CXPA and comparing to pleomorphic adenoma (PA). Thirty six cases of CXPA (36 PA) and 22 areas of PA in CXPA (residual PA) were studied by Ki-67 expression. All CXPA cases were classified according to invasiveness phase (intracapsular, minimally and frankly invasive) and histopathological subtypes. Data was statistically analyzed by Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. CXPA included 5 intracapsular, 9 minimally invasive and 22 frankly invasive cases. Fifteen cases corresponded to salivary duct carcinoma, 7 to adenocarcinoma NOS, 7 myoepithelial, 5 epithelial-myoepithelial, one case of squamous cell and one case of sarcomatoid carcinoma. The Ki-67 index of PA and residual PA were significantly lower than CXPA. Intracapsular and minimally invasive showed smaller proliferative index than frankly invasive. Considering the subtypes of CXPA, there was not a statistic difference among them. Ki-67 is a useful marker in the differential diagnosis of PA and CXPA, even when in the early invasive phase.</p>

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Ki-67 Index in Salivary Gland Neoplasms

International Journal of Phonosurgery & Laryngology ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10023-1110 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Suma Kaza ◽

T Jaya Mastan Rao ◽

Anupama Mikkilineni ◽

G Venkata Ratnam ◽

D Ranga Rao

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Pleomorphic Adenoma ◽

Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma ◽

Salivary Gland Neoplasms ◽

Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma ◽

Myoepithelial Carcinoma ◽

Cell Adenoma ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Adenoid Cystic ◽

Epithelial Myoepithelial Carcinoma

Abstract Assessment of proliferation is a means of predicting local recurrence and metastatic potential of malignancies. A mitotic count is not an ideal marker for proliferation in certain situations, such as salivary gland neoplasms. Ki-67 expression as a proliferation marker has been investigated in many human tumors. In the present study, Mitotic index (MI) and Ki-67 index were studied in pleomorphic adenoma, basal cell adenoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma, carcinoma ex Pleomorphic adenoma and adenocarcinoma of salivary glands. The results were compared. The MI was similar in benign neoplasms, mucoepidermoid carcinoma and epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma, whereas it was high in carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, adenocarcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma. The Ki-67 index was different in basal cell adenoma and pleomorphic adenoma. It was helpful in differentiating high grade and low grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. It highlighted the malignant behavior of epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma. It was concluded that Ki-67 in benign neoplasms is 5% or less and in malignant ones more than 23% with a few exceptions. In mucoepidermoid carcinoma and epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma, Ki-67 index was found to be a better indicator for aggressiveness. These findings will be presented in this paper, with review of literature. How to cite this article Kaza S, Rao TJM, Mikkilineni A, Ratnam GV, Rao DR. Ki-67 Index in Salivary Gland Neoplasms. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2016;6(1):1-7.

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Immunohistochemical study of the expression of fatty acid synthase and Ki-67 in salivary gland tumors

Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine ◽

10.1111/j.1600-0714.2011.01023.x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

pp. 467-475 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Renata Falchete do Prado ◽

Ana Lourdes da Silva Machado ◽

Carlos Eduardo Dias Colombo ◽

Yasmin Rodarte Carvalho

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Synthase ◽

Immunohistochemical Study ◽

Salivary Gland Tumors ◽

Ki 67

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Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Androgen Receptor, HER-2/neu, and p53 in Benign Pleomorphic Adenomas

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/132.12.1907 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 132 (12) ◽

pp. 1907-1911 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tom C. DeRoche ◽

Aaron P. Hoschar ◽

Jennifer L. Hunt

Keyword(s):

Androgen Receptor ◽

Pleomorphic Adenoma ◽

Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma ◽

Positive Staining ◽

Ki 67 ◽

P53 Expression ◽

Cytologic Atypia ◽

Epithelial Component ◽

Pleomorphic Adenomas ◽

Her 2

Abstract Context.—Immunohistochemical stains for androgen receptor (AR), HER-2/neu, and p53 are used as diagnostic markers associated with malignancy in several histologic types of salivary gland tumors. These markers may be useful in differentiating pleomorphic adenoma with cytologic atypia from intracapsular carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA), as these tumors are often difficult to distinguish on the basis of morphology alone. Objective.—To determine whether AR, HER-2/neu, and p53 expression can be seen in entirely benign pleomorphic adenomas. Design.—Androgen receptor, HER-2/neu, and p53 immunoreactivity was assessed in 41 histologically and clinically benign pleomorphic adenomas. Results.—A total of 3 of 41 pleomorphic adenomas exhibited multifocal areas with moderate staining for HER-2/ neu and AR. The positive staining was mainly confined to the epithelial component, where the ductal epithelium showed no cytologic atypia. Immunoreactivity for p53 was observed in the epithelial component of 5 of 41 cases, none of which stained for HER-2/neu and AR. Mean mitotic rate and Ki-67 index were 1 per 10 high-powered fields and 2.7% in HER-2/neu– and AR-positive cases and 1 per 10 high-powered fields and 2.2% in p53-positive cases. Conclusions.—HER-2/neu, AR, and p53 are expressed in a subset of histologically and clinically benign pleomorphic adenomas. These markers cannot be used to reliably predict early carcinomatous transformation in pleomorphic adenoma.

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Immunohistochemical Expression of Fatty acid Synthase, Ki-67 and p53 in Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Larynx

The International Journal of Biological Markers ◽

10.1177/172460080802300307 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 176-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. De Vincentiis ◽

P. Di Cello ◽

F. Censi ◽

M. Leopizzi ◽

S. Natalizi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Fatty Acid Synthase ◽

Prognostic Indicator ◽

Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽

Immunohistochemical Expression ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Energy Needs ◽

Laryngeal Carcinomas ◽

Poorly Differentiated

Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is a recently discovered molecule involved in the energy supply to normal cells. FAS is overexpressed in neoplastic tissues because of their increased energy needs. We explored the immunohistochemical expression of FAS, Ki-67 and p53 in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the larynx and their association with clinicopathological features and outcome. Specimens from 43 patients with SCC were evaluated. Statistical analysis revealed an association between poorly differentiated laryngeal carcinomas and FAS expression (p<0.005) and between FAS and Ki-67 overexpression (p<0.001). Finally, FAS expression was associated with overall survival (p<0.001). We suggest that FAS is a powerful prognostic indicator whose strength can be enhanced when it is evaluated together with clinicopathological data and Ki-67 expression.

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