scholarly journals Marginal employment for welfare recipients: stepping stone or obstacle?

Labour ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Lietzmann ◽  
Paul Schmelzer ◽  
Jürgen Wiemers
Keyword(s):  
Welfare Recipients ◽  
Stepping Stone ◽  
Marginal Employment

The Effects of Germany’s Statutory Minimum Wage on Employment and Welfare Dependency

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Welfare Recipients ◽  
County Level ◽  
Welfare Dependency ◽  
Welfare Receipt ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Regular Employment ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Marginal Employment ◽  
The Difference

AbstractIn January 2015, Germany introduced a federal, statutory minimum wage of 8.50 € per hour. This study evaluates the effects of this policy on regular and marginal employment and on welfare dependency. Based on the county-level administrative data, this study uses the difference-in-differences technique, exploiting regional variation in the bite of the minimum wage, i.e., the county-specific share of employees paid less than 8.50 € before the introduction of the minimum wage. The minimum wage had a considerable negative effect on marginal employment. There is also some indication that regular employment was slightly reduced. Concerning welfare dependency, the minimum wage reduced the number of working welfare recipients, with some indication that about one half of them left welfare receipt due to the minimum wage.

Intergroup Threat and Outgroup Attitudes

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Brambilla ◽  
David A. Butz
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Welfare Recipients ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Intergroup Threat ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
General Climate

Two studies examined the impact of macrolevel symbolic threat on intergroup attitudes. In Study 1 (N = 71), participants exposed to a macrosymbolic threat (vs. nonsymbolic threat and neutral topic) reported less support toward social policies concerning gay men, an outgroup whose stereotypes implies a threat to values, but not toward welfare recipients, a social group whose stereotypes do not imply a threat to values. Study 2 (N = 78) showed that, whereas macrolevel symbolic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward gay men, macroeconomic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward Asians, an outgroup whose stereotypes imply an economic threat. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding the role of a general climate of threat in shaping intergroup attitudes.

Symptoms of Depression Among Welfare Recipients: A Concern for Two Generations

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surjeet K. Ahluwalia ◽  
Sharon M. McGroder ◽  
Martha J. Zaslow ◽  
Elizabeth C. Hair
Keyword(s):  
Welfare Recipients ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Two Generations

The Japanese Factor in the Making of North Korean Socialism

2020 ◽  
pp. 225-251
Author(s):  
Ernest Ming-Tak Leung
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Direct Experience ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Stepping Stone ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Juche Ideology

This article explores a commonly ignored aspect of Japan–North Korean relations: the Japanese factor in the making of Korean socialism. Korea was indirectly influenced by the Japanese Jiyuminken Movement, in the 1910s–1920s serving as a stepping-stone for the creation of a Japanese Communist Party. Wartime mobilization policies under Japanese rule were continued and expanded beyond the colonial era. The Juche ideology built on tendencies first exhibited in the 1942 Overcoming Modernity Conference in Japan, and in the 1970s some Japanese leftists viewed Juche as a humanist Marxism. Trade between Japan and North Korea expanded from 1961 onwards, culminating in North Korea’s default in 1976, from which point on relations soured between the two countries. Yet leaders with direct experience of colonial rule governed North Korea through to the late 1990s.

Inclusive Fitness in Finite Deme-structured and Stepping-stone Populations

Selection ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Taylor ◽  
A. J. Irwin ◽  
T. Day
Keyword(s):  
Inclusive Fitness ◽  
Stepping Stone

A stepping stone approach to human and robotic exploration of space

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Pengra ◽  
Stephen Johnson ◽  
Mark Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Stepping Stone ◽  
Robotic Exploration
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