Intergroup Threat and Outgroup Attitudes

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Brambilla ◽  
David A. Butz
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Welfare Recipients ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Intergroup Threat ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
General Climate

Two studies examined the impact of macrolevel symbolic threat on intergroup attitudes. In Study 1 (N = 71), participants exposed to a macrosymbolic threat (vs. nonsymbolic threat and neutral topic) reported less support toward social policies concerning gay men, an outgroup whose stereotypes implies a threat to values, but not toward welfare recipients, a social group whose stereotypes do not imply a threat to values. Study 2 (N = 78) showed that, whereas macrolevel symbolic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward gay men, macroeconomic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward Asians, an outgroup whose stereotypes imply an economic threat. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding the role of a general climate of threat in shaping intergroup attitudes.

TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ENTREPRENEURIAL CULTURE IN INDIAN COMMERCIAL BANKS USING A VALUE BASE MODEL

1998 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 309-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
NEELU ROHMETRA
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
A Value ◽  
Entrepreneurial Culture ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Entrepreneurial Climate ◽  
National Bank ◽  
The Impact ◽  
General Climate

The entrepreneurial role of a manager depends on the entrepreneurial culture. Developing entrepreneurial culture assumes the importance of Human Resource Development (HRD). It is the function of the general climate, development mechanisms and the value base. The present work is based on an indepth study conducted by the author to examine the impact of prevailing entrepreneurial culture in selected Indian Commercial banks. They are: State Bank of India (SBI), Punjab National Bank (PNB), Oriental Bank of Commerce (OBC), and Dena Bank (DB). The entrepreneurial climate leading to entrepreneurial culture has been studied under three broad aspects: (i) general climate, (ii) development mechanisms, and (iii) the value base. The value base forms the main focus of the study. The effectiveness of the value based entrepreneurial culture has been judged in relation to the level of satisfaction enjoyed in all the banks covered under study. The study reveals the existence of an intimate relationship between entrepreneurial culture and employee satisfaction which is supported by the level of mean scores obtained for both the variables in these banks. While the entrepreneurial climate for SBI, PNB, OBC and OB has been estimated at mean score levels of 3.49, 3.41, 3.88 and 2.84 respectively, the corresponding satisfaction level has been calculated at mean scores of 3.84, 3.63, 4.01 and 3.06 for these banks.

Just a Little Bit of History Repeating

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Michelson and
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Natural Order ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Interpersonal Contact ◽  
Media Portrayals ◽  
Transgender Identity ◽  
The Impact

Recent vocal and vociferous anti-transgender messages parallel historical attacks aimed at gay men and lesbians throughout the 20th century. Back then, many people described gay and lesbian people as pedophiles, sexual deviants, unnatural, or mentally ill. Both historically and today, opponents to transgender equality often call into question the legitimacy of transgender identity, dismissing transgender people as predatory, deviant, a threat to the natural order, or mentally ill. While there are parallels between public opinion toward gay men and lesbians then and transgender people today, this chapter discusses three significant differences: the nature and structure of public opinion, the role of media portrayals, and the impact of interpersonal contact with outgroups. The chapter addresses each in turn, describing how the past, present, and future of transgender rights differ from those of rights for gay men and lesbians.

Contact, Threat, and Prejudice: A Test of Intergroup Threat Theory Across Three Samples and Multiple Measures of Prejudice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Aberson
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Hispanic Americans ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Contact Theory ◽  
Intergroup Threat ◽  
Intergroup Contact Theory ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Intergroup Threat Theory ◽  
Threat Theory

Across three studies we applied predictions from Intergroup Contact Theory and Intergroup Threat Theory to an examination of the role of contact and threats in predicting prejudice toward three outgroups. Reactions to African Americans (n = 227), Hispanic Americans (n = 155), and gay men (n = 217), largely supported predictions. Positive contact experiences consistently related to more favorable evaluations and reduced perceptions of threats. Each study largely supported ITT’s proposition that threats indirectly influence the contact-prejudice relationship, with the most consistent findings found for negative contact. We found little support for relationships between contact, threats, and implicit preferences or for positive-negative asymmetry effects.

Corporatism from the Firm Perspective: Employers and Social Policy in Denmark and Britain

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
CATHIE JO MARTIN
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Growth Opportunity ◽  
Active Labour ◽  
The Impact

This is an evaluation of the impact of corporatist and pluralist employers' associations on firms' programmatic participation in active labour-market and social policies in Denmark and Britain. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with randomly-selected companies, it explores whether employers' associations engage differently with their constituent firms in corporatist and pluralist settings, and whether corporatist countries have an advantage in implementing active social policies. Variations in type of employer organization are found to constitute a determinant of cross-national differences in business attitudes towards the welfare state. Membership in a Danish employers' association confers an entirely different set of effects from membership in a British group and associational membership is a significant positive determinant of firm participation in Denmark but not in Britain. Active social policy has been viewed as a growth opportunity in a new issue area by the Danish ‘peak’ employers' association and its sectoral members. Although this association is losing some control over collective bargaining, its constituent associations have developed other functions, such as creating deliberative forums for managers, especially at the local level. The research also highlights the role of the state in the renegotiation and survival of corporatist institutional arrangements.

scholarly journals The Impact of Homophobic Labels on the Internalized Homophobia and Body Image of Gay Men: The Moderation Role of Coming-Out

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Bianchi ◽  
Valentina Piccoli ◽  
Davide Zotti ◽  
Fabio Fasoli ◽  
Andrea Carnaghi
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Internalized Homophobia ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Stereotypes and Intergroup Attitudes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Devos
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Affective Processes ◽  
Group Memberships ◽  
The Impact

This chapter provides an overview of core principles accounting for stereotypes and intergroup attitudes. The first three sections focus on the role of intraindividual processes: the contributions of cognitive, motivational, and affective processes are emphasized. The remaining sections examine how intergroup contexts shape stereotypes and intergroup attitudes. In these sections, the focus shifts on the impact of group memberships, socio-structural realities, evolutionary pressures, and ideological perspectives as determinants of cognitive and affective responses to social groups.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Social Capital and Acculturation Expectations of Estonians in Estonia: Perceived Threat as a Mediator

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
G.Y. Rodionov
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
General Trust ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
Physical Threat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the mediating role of perceived threat from other ethnic groups in the relationship between social capital and acculturation expectations of the host population. Consistent with Stephans’ theory, the article examined the impact of three types of perceived threat: economic, cultural, and physical. The sample consists of ethnic Estonians born and living in Estonia (N = 309). The study examined how the perceived threat affects the relationship between social capital indicators (general trust, ethnic tolerance, binding and uniting social capital) and acculturation expectations (“multiculturalism”, “melting pot”, “seg regation”). The results showed that physical perceived threat was a mediator of the relationship between ethnic tolerance and “multiculturalism”. With the increase in physical threat, the preference for “multiculturalism” decreased. Economic threat has been shown to mediate the relationship between general trust and “segregation”, as well as connecting social capital and “segregation”. In these two cases, the economic threat increased the likelihood of a preference for “segregation” by the host population. The mediative role of cultural threat was not confirmed in the present study.

scholarly journals THE FORMATION OF COLLECTIVE SUBJECTS’ SMALL SOCIAL GROUPS IN THE INFORMATION AGE (PROBLEM OF IDENTITY)social groups in the information age (problem of identity)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (44) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Vadym Ivanovich Palahuta ◽  
Stanislav S. Beskaravainyi
Keyword(s):  
Social Group ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Information Age ◽  
Equilibrium Structure ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Emotional Identification ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Goals And Objectives ◽  
Gain Access

The article takes a new look at the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) technology on society, which leads to the formation of fundamentally new social groups. The greatest diversity and freedom of development will be allocated to small social groups that directly interact with AI. The model of the new social group should answer the following questions: what opportunities does AI offer? What role can AI play in a small social group? How will people identify with a similar group? The description of the structure of small social groups was used, the multisubject role of the organizer and intermediary of the AI was determined. The concept of «situational community» was used to reveal the equilibrium structure of such groups, where either individual or group identity dominates. In some situations, the AI will be able to replace the person who has left the group as a leader, or to ensure strict observance of the settings that are unchanged for the group, or to play the role of an implicit collective organizer, which, in order to preserve the integrity of the group, transforms its goals and objectives. Small social groups, thanks to AI, will gain access to professional skills and tools for organizing labor that previously had larger social structures. An increase in subjectivity can lead to significant transformations and a change in the role of these social groups. A threat has been identified: the individual may not be able to independently abandon his behavioral-cognitive and emotional identification with the group.

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