Stabilita a změna osobních hodnot u lidí s různými trajektoriemi životní dráhy: longitudinální studie

Background. Previous research on the stability of personal values in the context of life transitions has usually focused on the presence of a single transition. However, life transitions in everyday life occur simultaneously with other life transitions. The aim of this longitudinal study was therefore to identify different trajectories of life transitions in young adults and to compare the stability of their personal values. Method. In the first wave of research, participants were 18-33 years old; in the second wave, they were 29-43 years old (N = 632; 392 women). In both waves, they completed Schwartzʼs Portrait Value Questionnaires (PVQ); in the second wave, they completed the Life History Calendar focusing on the presence of entry into life transitions. Results. Latent class analysis revealed two trajectories: Experienced transitions (people who experienced all observed transitions) and Partially experienced transitions (people who experienced only entry into regular employment and part of them entered cohabitation). Differential stability of personal values occurred in both trajectories. The differences in the stability of values found between the individual trajectories were insignificant, except for personal values universalism and tradition. Although before entry into life transitions, personal values were not significant predictors of belonging to a particular trajectory, after their experiencing people with the Experienced transitions trajectory more often reached lower levels of values associated with openness to change.

Constraints Faced by Vegetable Growers in Amaravati Division of Maharashtra

Vegetable cultivation involves intensive cultural operations since sowing to marketing, providing regular employment opportunities to unemployed youth and farm family. Vegetable production is now commercialized, but still traditional farming is done in far flung areas. Besides, they are not as well served by the extension system as the farmers growing food grains. Moreover, most of the vegetable growers in this region are small and marginal farmers, and they have their peculiar concerns and problems which need to be studied urgently and earnest. The present study was carried out in Akola and Amravati districts of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state during the year 2019 with a sample size of 120 respondents to define the constraints faced by vegetable growers in Amravati division of Maharashtra. The major constraints faced by the vegetable growers were price fluctuation, electricity, fertigation, exploitation by middle men and lack of market knowledge.

"Moonlight and Roses", and other things they played: Organ Recitals in New Zealand, 1870-1920

<p>The early history of pipe organs in New Zealand, and the music which was played on them, has long been of interest to organists and domestic organ builders alike. The primary focus of this exegesis is the performers themselves and the repertoire they chose to present to the public through the medium of the organ recital during a fifty-year period from 1870–1920. A case study approach is adopted, where two centres, one metropolitan and one provincial, have been selected from each of the two main island of New Zealand. Using primary source materials, including contemporary newspapers and concert programmes, details of a significant selection of organ recitals held in Wellington, Christchurch, Southland, and Hawke’s Bay can be tabulated. This allows for some discernment of trends in musical preferences. New Zealand was no exception to the world wide practice by organists of utilising in their performances works not originally written for their instrument. In a wider Australasian context, organ recitals were conduits for the dissemination of symphonic, operatic and chamber music, particularly on larger instruments. The balance between transcriptions and works for the organ in these recitals is one of the study’s areas of investigation. This also requires some discussion of the instruments themselves. Another is the extent to which music was considered a formative social influence, particularly since most nineteenth-century recitals were played in churches, rather than civic (secular) auditoria, and were considered to take on the character of the venue. The research also uncovers details about the origins and career paths of the performers. Some were private teachers, choral and/or instrumental conductors or accompanists. Still others had regular employment as schoolteachers or purveyors of instruments and sheet music, and a third group found primary employment outside the musical sphere either as civil servants or in private enterprise. Analysis of the wealth of surviving information (concerning organists and their performances) demonstrates that the organ recital was a ubiquitous and popular event in New Zealand prior to World War I. Alongside other musical activities these programmes play a role in the development of society’s musical life, both in its own right and as the accompanying instrument for various choral societies (before the development of fully-fledged orchestral groups). Society was changed with the advent of hostilities; after they ended, there were new norms and expectations. Outside the main text, the collations of raw data are provided on an accompanying CD, along with biographical details of those who made small contributions to the recital scene, or were present in New Zealand for only a limited time.</p>

"Moonlight and Roses", and other things they played: Organ Recitals in New Zealand, 1870-1920

<p>The early history of pipe organs in New Zealand, and the music which was played on them, has long been of interest to organists and domestic organ builders alike. The primary focus of this exegesis is the performers themselves and the repertoire they chose to present to the public through the medium of the organ recital during a fifty-year period from 1870–1920. A case study approach is adopted, where two centres, one metropolitan and one provincial, have been selected from each of the two main island of New Zealand. Using primary source materials, including contemporary newspapers and concert programmes, details of a significant selection of organ recitals held in Wellington, Christchurch, Southland, and Hawke’s Bay can be tabulated. This allows for some discernment of trends in musical preferences. New Zealand was no exception to the world wide practice by organists of utilising in their performances works not originally written for their instrument. In a wider Australasian context, organ recitals were conduits for the dissemination of symphonic, operatic and chamber music, particularly on larger instruments. The balance between transcriptions and works for the organ in these recitals is one of the study’s areas of investigation. This also requires some discussion of the instruments themselves. Another is the extent to which music was considered a formative social influence, particularly since most nineteenth-century recitals were played in churches, rather than civic (secular) auditoria, and were considered to take on the character of the venue. The research also uncovers details about the origins and career paths of the performers. Some were private teachers, choral and/or instrumental conductors or accompanists. Still others had regular employment as schoolteachers or purveyors of instruments and sheet music, and a third group found primary employment outside the musical sphere either as civil servants or in private enterprise. Analysis of the wealth of surviving information (concerning organists and their performances) demonstrates that the organ recital was a ubiquitous and popular event in New Zealand prior to World War I. Alongside other musical activities these programmes play a role in the development of society’s musical life, both in its own right and as the accompanying instrument for various choral societies (before the development of fully-fledged orchestral groups). Society was changed with the advent of hostilities; after they ended, there were new norms and expectations. Outside the main text, the collations of raw data are provided on an accompanying CD, along with biographical details of those who made small contributions to the recital scene, or were present in New Zealand for only a limited time.</p>

Global Stability Analysis of a Five-Dimensional Unemployment Model with Distributed Delay

The present paper proposes a five-dimensional mathematical model for studying the labor market, focusing on unemployment, migration, fixed term contractors, full time employment and the number of available vacancies. The distributed time delay is considered in the rate of change of available vacancies that depends on the past regular employment levels. The non-dimensional mathematical model is introduced and the existence of the equilibrium points is analyzed. The positivity and boundedness of solutions are provided and global asymptotic stability findings are presented both for the employment free equilibrium and the positive equilibrium. The numerical simulations support the theoretical results.

Health Inequalities in the Diverse World of Self-Employment: A Swedish National Cohort Study

With labor being a central social determinant of health, there is an increasing need to investigate health inequalities within the heterogenous and growing population in self-employment. This study aimed to longitudinally investigate the relationship between income level, self-employment status and multiple work-related health indicators in a Swedish national cohort (n = 3,530,309). The study investigated the relationship between self-employment status and health outcomes later in life. All poor health outcomes, with the exception of alcohol-related disorders, were more common in the self-employed population, compared to the group in regular employment. The income gradient, however, was more pronounced in the group with regular employment than the groups in self-employment. The study found clear connections between low income and poor health in all employment groups, but the gradient was more pronounced in the group in regular employment. This suggests that income has a weaker connection to other types of health promoting resources in the self-employed population. Potentially, lacking social and public support could make it difficult for unhealthy individuals to maintain low-income self-employment over a longer time period.

Between automation and gamification: forms of labour control on crowdwork platforms

Algorithmic management is a core concept to analyse labour control on online labour platforms. It runs the risk, however, of oversimplifying the existing variety and complexity of control forms. In order to provide a basis for further research, this article develops a typology of labour control forms within crowdwork and discusses how they influence perceptions of working conditions. It identifies the two most relevant forms of labour control in crowdwork: direct control mainly takes the form of automated output control, while indirect control aiming at creating motivation and commitment is mainly exerted through ranking and reputation systems (gamification). The article shows that these forms of control and their combination are linked with very different ways of how platform workers perceive working conditions on platforms. In addition, the analysis shows significant differences regarding the perception of working conditions between those who work on platforms in addition to a regular employment as opposed to those who are self-employed and rely more strongly, if not fully, on their income from platform work. The analysis is based on qualitative and quantitative research on crowdwork platforms. In particular, it builds on an online survey conducted with 1,131 crowdworkers active on different types of platforms.

Study on the effect of providing learning opportunities on the formation of intention to continue work for non-regular professionals

In Japan, almost 40 per cent of employees are so-called 'non-regular employees'. That is to say, employees with a limited duration of employment. This is in opposition to their 'regular employee' counterparts who are full-time workers without a limited duration of employment. Non-regular employees include both part-time and full-time workers with a short- or intermediate-term of employment. The percentage of non-regular employees is on the rise in Japan and this is bringing with it decreased morale and productivity due to factors such as lack of job security. In addition, motivation is negatively affected by non-regular employees receiving fewer opportunities, such as training, for example, than regular employees. Naturally, a lack of training and education opportunities would have an adverse effect on motivation and morale. Professor Takao Maeda is based in the Faculty of Business, Marketing and Distribution, Nakamura Gakuen University in Japan, and is working alongside collaborators Professors Tomofumi Tohara and Shigeaki Mishima, who are both based in the Faculty of Business Administration, Osaka University of Economics in Japan. The team is focused on research that looks at how closing disparities between regular and non-regular employment could increase the motivation of non-regular employees.