dead end
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

2297
(FIVE YEARS 541)

H-INDEX

65
(FIVE YEARS 9)

Water ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Qian Wang ◽  
Xiaobin Tang ◽  
Heng Liang ◽  
Wenjun Cheng ◽  
Guibai Li ◽  
...  

Gravity-driven membrane (GDM) filtration technology has been extensively in the employed drinking water treatment, however, the effect filtration mode (i.e., dead-end mode vs. cross-flow mode) on its long-term performance has not been systematically investigated. In this study, pilot-scale GDM systems were operated using two submerged filtration mode (SGDM) and cross-flow mode (CGDM) at the gravity-driven pressures 120 mbar and 200 mbar, respectively. The results showed that flux stabilization was observed both in the SGDM and CGDM during long-term filtration, and importantly the stabilized flux level of CGDM was elevated by 3.5–67.5%, which indicated that the filtration mode would not influence the occurrence of flux stability, but significantly improve the stable flux level. Interestingly, the stable flux level was not significantly improved with the increase of driven pressure, and the optimized driven pressure was 120 mbar. In addition, the GDM process conferred effective removals of turbidity, UV254, CODMn, and DOC, with average removals of 99%, 43%, 41%, and 20%, respectively. With the assistance of cross flow to avert the overaccumulation of contaminants on the membrane surface, CGDM process exhibited even higher removal efficiency than SGDM process. Furthermore, it can be found that the CGDM system can effectively remove the fluorescent protein-like substances, and the intensities of tryptophans substance and soluble microbial products were reduced by 64.61% and 55.08%, respectively, higher than that of the SGDM. Therefore, it can be determined that the filtration mode played an important role in the flux stabilization of GDM system during long-term filtration, and the cross-flow filtration mode can simultaneously improve the stabilized flux level and removal performance.


2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Riazanski ◽  
Gerardo Mauleon ◽  
Kilean Lucas ◽  
Samuel Walker ◽  
Adriana M. Zimnicka ◽  
...  

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membranous structures carrying transmembrane proteins and luminal cargo. Their complex cargo requires pH stability in EVs while traversing diverse body fluids. We used a filtration-based platform to capture and stabilize EVs based on their size and studied their pH regulation at the single EV level. Dead-end filtration facilitated EV capture in the pores of an ultrathin (100 nm thick) and nanoporous silicon nitride (NPN) membrane within a custom microfluidic device. Immobilized EVs were rapidly exposed to test solution changes driven across the backside of the membrane using tangential flow without exposing the EVs to fluid shear forces. The epithelial sodium-hydrogen exchanger, NHE1, is a ubiquitous plasma membrane protein tasked with the maintenance of cytoplasmic pH at neutrality. We show that NHE1 identified on the membrane of EVs is functional in the maintenance of pH neutrality within single vesicles. This is the first mechanistic description of EV function on the single vesicle level.


Author(s):  
Peter Biskind
Keyword(s):  

Comic book movies can’t decide whether superheroes are human or posthuman, but either way they have reached a dead end.


Molecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Saleha Al-Mardeai ◽  
Emad Elnajjar ◽  
Raed Hashaikeh ◽  
Boguslaw Kruczek ◽  
Bart Van der Bruggen ◽  
...  

Hydrolysis is the heart of the lignocellulose-to-bioethanol conversion process. Using enzymes to catalyze the hydrolysis represents a more environmentally friendly pathway compared to other techniques. However, for the process to be economically feasible, solving the product inhibition problem and enhancing enzyme reusability are essential. Prior research demonstrated that a flat-sheet membrane bioreactor (MBR), using an inverted dead-end filtration system, could achieve 86.7% glucose yield from purified cellulose in 6 h. In this study, the effectiveness of flat-sheet versus radial-flow MBR designs was assessed using real, complex lignocellulose biomass, namely date seeds (DSs). The tubular radial-flow MBR used here had more than a 10-fold higher membrane surface area than the flat-sheet MBR design. With simultaneous product separation using the flat-sheet inverted dead-end filtration MBR, a glucose yield of 10.8% from pretreated DSs was achieved within 8 h of reaction, which was three times higher than the yield without product separation, which was only 3.5% within the same time and under the same conditions. The superiority of the tubular radial-flow MBR to hydrolyze pretreated DSs was confirmed with a glucose yield of 60% within 8 h. The promising results obtained by the novel tubular MBR could pave the way for an economic lignocellulose-to-bioethanol process.


2022 ◽  
Vol 301 ◽  
pp. 113872
Author(s):  
Lukka Thuyavan Yogarathinam ◽  
Kirubakaran Velswamy ◽  
Arthanareeswaran Gangasalam ◽  
Ahmad Fauzi Ismail ◽  
Pei Sean Goh ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
pp. 39-58
Author(s):  
Arpit Kumar Sharma ◽  
Arvind Dhaka ◽  
Amita Nandal ◽  
Akshat Sinha ◽  
Deepika Choudhary

The Android system operates on many smartphones in many locales. Websites and web tools have their own requirements in day-to-day life. To reach the maximum users, the app and website should handle all the resources such as text strings, functions, layouts, graphics, and any other static data that the app/website needs. It requires internationalization and localization of the website and app to support multiple languages. The basic idea of this chapter is to present an approach for localizing the Android application according to the location data that the app received from the device, but many users do not allow the “access location” feature so this approach will be a dead end in this case. The authors have proposed some other techniques to achieve this feature of localization and internationalization by implementing the “choose language” service so that the app can itself optimize its content and translate it into the user's native language.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document