scholarly journals Synchytrium endobioticum , the potato wart disease pathogen

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart. T. L. H. Vossenberg ◽  
Charlotte Prodhomme ◽  
Jack H. Vossen ◽  
Theo A. J. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Wart Disease ◽  
Potato Wart ◽  
Synchytrium Endobioticum ◽  
Potato Wart Disease

Development of PCR-based Detection Methods for the Quarantine Phytopathogen Synchytrium endobioticum, Causal Agent of Potato Wart Disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. J. F. van den Boogert ◽  
M. P. E. van Gent-Pelzer ◽  
P. J. M. Bonants ◽  
S. H. De Boer ◽  
J. G. N. Wander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causal Agent ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Wart Disease ◽  
Potato Wart ◽  
Synchytrium Endobioticum ◽  
Potato Wart Disease

Potato Wart Disease, Synchytrium Endobioticum (SCHILB.) Perc.

Nature ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 185 (4710) ◽  
pp. 367-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
VIT BOJŇANSKÝ
Keyword(s):  
Wart Disease ◽  
Potato Wart ◽  
Synchytrium Endobioticum ◽  
Potato Wart Disease

scholarly journals First Report of Synchytrium endobioticum (Potato Wart Disease) Pathotype 18(T1) in Poland

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 688-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Przetakiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Wart Disease ◽  
Potato Wart ◽  
Synchytrium Endobioticum ◽  
Potato Wart Disease ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Resting Spores ◽  
The 19Th Century

Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Perc. is a soil-borne biotrophic fungus causing potato wart disease (PWD) of cultivated potato, one of the most important crops in Poland. S. endobioticum infects epidermal cells of young potato organs, such as eyes, sprouts, young tubers, stolons, stems, leaves, and even flowers, but never roots. S. endobioticum survives in the soil as winter (resting) spores, which germinate, infect the plant, and produce secondary sporangia (summer spores); infection results in galls on the stolons and tubers, in which the pathogen multiplies. Its long persistence in soil and the severe losses it inflicts to potato crops have prompted its inclusion into the A2 quarantine list. The fungus originates from the Andean zones of South America, from where it spread to North America and Europe at the end of the 19th century. S. endobioticum was first reported in the United Kingdom in 1876. This pathogen is quite variable. The first discovery of a new pathotype in Europe occurred in former East Germany in 1941, and there have been 38 S. endobioticum pathotypes identified so far. Pathotypes 1(D1), 2(G1), 6(O1), 8(F1), and 18(T1) are of greatest relevance in Europe. In 2008, the Polish Inspectorate of Plant Health and Seed Inspection (PIORiN) collected soil samples from Mazowieckie Region in Central Poland. Microscopic examinations revealed the presence of viable resting spores of S. endobioticum in a soil sample collected from a crop plantation of ornamentals intended for export. One kilogram of soil contained an average of 300 viable spores. A bioassay (pot tests), recommended by the EPPO standard PM 3/59 (1), showed no wart symptoms because of the very low sporangium density of S. endobioticum. However, concentrating S. endobioticum inoculum by centrifugation and using for a bioassay modified Potocek's tube test (1) allowed us to obtain fresh galls with summer sporangia. The first symptoms of PWD were visible on sprouts of extremely susceptible potato genotypes 7 weeks after inoculation. To identify the pathotype of S. endobioticum, 10 differential potato cultivars (Deodara, Tomensa, Eersteling, Producent, Combi, Saphir, Delcora, Miriam, Karolin, and Ulme) were inoculated with fresh galls of S. endobioticum using the Glynne-Lemmerzahl method (2), according to EPPO standard PM 7/28. Galls were formed on all cultivars except Saphir, Karolin, and Ulme (resistant cultivars). This virulence profile was identical to that of European pathotype 18(T1) of S. endobioticum. This is the first detection in Poland of pathotype 18(T1), which is one of the most virulent pathotypes of this fungus. It should be noted that in 2004, prior to planting, the field was investigated by PIORiN and found to be free of S. endobioticum. The winter sporangia were found on the field with ornamental plants originating from Western Europe, where pathotype 18(T1) is still occurring. S. endobioticum is a classic example of the distribution of plant pathogens by man. Although an infection source has not been determined, the field was probably infested by soil connected with roots of the plantlets. This is an example of alternative ways for S. endobioticum spreading without potato as a main host. References: (1) EPPO. Bull. OEPP/EPPO Bull. 29:225, 1999. (2) EPPO. Bull. OEPP/EPPO Bull. 34:213, 2004.

Occurrence of potato wart disease (Synchytrium endobioticum) in Bulgaria: identification of pathotype(s) present

EPPO Bulletin ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Dimitrova ◽  
M. Laginova ◽  
A. Becheva ◽  
G. C. M. van Leeuwen
Keyword(s):  
Wart Disease ◽  
Potato Wart ◽  
Synchytrium Endobioticum ◽  
Potato Wart Disease

scholarly journals Developing Control Strategies of Potato Wart Disease (Synchytrium endobioticum) in Turkey

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
Hale Gunacti ◽  
Ali Erkılıç
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Efficacy Rate ◽  
Wart Disease ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Potato Wart ◽  
Synchytrium Endobioticum ◽  
Potato Wart Disease ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Soil Fumigants ◽  
Metham Sodium

The ultimate purpose of this study was to control Potato Wart Disease. Thus, during 2010 – 2011, in order to control the Potato Wart Disease caused by Synchytrium endobioticum the efficacy of seed fungicides and soil fumigants, the influence of 15 different plants used as alternative cropping to potato and the extracts derived from carrot, onion, garlic and radish were examined on the sporangium viability. The results revealed that the roots of turnip tuber were the most effective treatment among four different plant extracts used. Sunflower and Rye were found to be promising alternative crops to potato for the region with 74% and 73% of sporangium mortality, respectively. The most effective fumigant application on the viability of Synchytrium endobioticum sporangia in the soil was Formaldehyde with a 93.8 – 97.5 % efficacy rate. The fungicide efficacy on the diseases occurrence changed from 25.2 % to 62.5 % comparing to control plots. Although significant differences were obtained numerically between efficacy ratios, no statistically significant differences were found in all applications. The most effective application on Potato Wart Disease occurrence was the dosages of 60 and 80 g /m2 of Metham Sodium among the four different concentrations of Formaldehyde, Metham Sodium, Dazomet and Urea as plant fertilizer.

Sequence of events in the germination of the resting spore of Synchytrium endobioticum, European pathotype 2, the causal agent of potato wart disease

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 2144-2150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Hampson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Wart Disease ◽  
Potato Wart ◽  
Synchytrium Endobioticum ◽  
Potato Wart Disease ◽  
Resting Spore ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Resting Spores ◽  
History Of

Populations of freshly harvested to 4-year-old resting spores of Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Perc. from sand compost and aqueous immersion cultures were observed, using normal and television microscopy. Germination vesicles were found in aging cultures: at 49 days in sand compost or peaking at the 11th day in aqueous immersion. Freshly harvested spores gave rise to the largest quantity of vesicles in aqueous immersion. The ability to produce vesicles fell off in rapid exponential fashion with time after spore harvest. Release of the sporangia from the enveloping vesicles and discharge of zoospores from sporangia were studied in detail through the use of videotape recordings. This is the first reported description of these phenomena in the life history of S. endobioticum.

scholarly journals Improvement of soil testing techniques for detecting spores of potato wart disease Synchytrium endobioticum using molecular methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
Yulia Vladislavovna Tsvetkova ◽  
Vera Alekseevna Yakovleva
Keyword(s):  
Soil Samples ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Soil Testing ◽  
Wart Disease ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Potato Wart ◽  
Synchytrium Endobioticum ◽  
Potato Wart Disease ◽  
Direct Dna Extraction ◽  
Commercial Kits

Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Percival. is a pathogen of potato wart disease and has a restricted distribution on the territory of the Russian Federation. Its main pathways are infected potato tubers and different planting material containing soil particles infected with spores of the fungus. One of the main problems is the use of toxic chemicals during detecting the disease in laboratory methods of direct soil testing to identify resting spores. This paper presents the assessment of molecular methods of soil diagnosis for detection of S. endobioticum by direct extraction of fungal DNA from soil samples using the MetaGen reagent kit. Identification was performed using the Fitoskrin. Synchytrium endobioticum-RT kit. The kit was pre-tested using DNA isolated from potato warts by various commercial kits. It was found that the optimal method of DNA isolation from the warts was using the FitoSorb-Avtomat 48 kit at the Tecan robotic station. Studies have shown that the sensitivity of the direct DNA extraction method from soil samples with various infection levels is the same as that of flotation method using carbon tetrachloride. Moreover, this method makes it possible to work with soil samples of different types, including peaty soils.

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