Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices and its associated risk factors related to Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Ilam province of Iran

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) surveys precede an awareness or intervention program, it addresses a felt need in a population in which that need exists. In an endemic region of cutaneous leishmaniasis disease occurrence, public enlightenment on its preventive and control measures is highly important. Ilam province of Iran is a provincial border town transited annually by pilgrims was reported to have the most cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis ranking highest since 2010 yet no report on KAP survey has been previously conducted.

Improved detection of Little cherry virus-2 using a hydrolysis probe to manage the Pacific Northwest little cherry disease epidemic.

Little cherry virus-2 (LChV-2) is a viral pathogen that is reaching epidemic levels in Washington state. This virus is insect-vectored and has significant impacts on sweet cherry production. To aid growers in making informed management decisions we sought to develop a diagnostic assay to better detect isolates of LChV-2 currently found in Washington, allowing for more accurate estimations of disease occurrence. This study showed that there were two distinct genotypes of LChV-2 present in Washington state. This information was used to develop an up-to-date reverse transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay, which was then optimized, validated, and compared to four previously published assays using a panel of field samples. This comparison demonstrated that the newly developed assay provided greater sensitivity, accurately detecting less than 10 copies per reaction and could detect both LChV-2 genotypes. Finally, we examined the effect of potential inhibitors in various tissue types from cherry, finding that young leaf tissue affected sensitivity of detection less than root tissues.

Spatial distribution analysis of bovine fascioliasis cases recorded in an abattoir in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil

ABSTRACT: Fascioliasis is a zoonosis of global distribution caused by the parasitic trematode Fasciola spp. Infection in humans can occur in areas endemic for animal fascioliasis, suggesting the need for studies on this parasitosis and its determinants. This exploratory study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of bovine fascioliasis in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, based on cases notified between 2015 and 2017 in a state abattoir, located in the municipality of Orleans, and to associate disease occurrence with altitude, temperature, and rainfall. The research was conducted at Centro Universitário Barriga Verde (UNIBAVE)/Orleans, SC and Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Rio de Janeiro, RJ. During the study period, the abattoir received animals from 58 municipalities in that state. Of the animals slaughtered in that period, 10,81% were infected with Fasciola hepatica. Presence of bovine fascioliasis infection was identified in the South and Southeast regions of the state, with higher prevalence rates in the latter. There was an association between low altitudes and higher occurrence of cases in the municipalities assessed. In addition, prevalence of bovine fascioliasis was higher in municipalities with high temperatures and low rainfall. Therefore, these results should be considered for planning disease control measures in the South and Southeast regions of the state of Santa Catarina.

Application of the constitutional-typological approach in the study of the morphometric features of the dentition in people with the brachypalatinal type of the palatine arch

The fundamental problem of precision medicine is the division of the population of sick and healthy people into separate individuals, differing in the likelihood of disease occurrence and the ability to respond to various types of therapy. This is mainly due to the individual, constitutional features of the structure, including the dentoalveolar system. The introduction of a constitutional-typological approach in a comprehensive study of the human dentition is an important task of modern dentistry, since it allows one to determine the characteristic morphological and functional characteristics of each individual individual to improve the methods of diagnosis and treatment of dentoalveolar pathology. The article examines the morphometric features of the dentoalveolar system in people with brachypalatinal («wide» and «low») type of palatine vault, as well as their relationship with the shape of dental arches and the size of the inter-incisal angle at a physiological occlusal norm. As a result of the study, the following regularity was determined: the brachypalatinal type of the palatine vault corresponds to «wide» dental arches of the brachygnathic type with an inter-incisal angle of more than 145 degrees. The value of the brachypalatinal index of the palatine fornix, as the ratio of the height of the palate to its width, exceeds 45 percent, and the gnathic index of the dental arches is 0.59 ± 0.03. The data obtained can be used in the clinic of orthodontics, orthopedic dentistry, maxillofacial surgery to assess the parameters of the hard palate, diagnose pathological forms of the palatine fornix and determine the effectiveness of the treatment.

Prawna ochrona zwierząt łownych a instrumenty zwalczania afrykańskiego pomoru świń

Due to the occurrence of the second genotype of African Swine Fever (ASF) virus in Europe, the situation today causes a threat to the species through the use of sanitary shooting of wild boars in the areas of disease occurrence, and as a consequence their depopulation. The purpose of the study is to assess EU and Polish legal regulations relating to the protection, preservation of diversity and management of wild game populations and combating of infectious animal diseases, which are subject to the obligation to combat. The researchers’ question in this paper concerns the mutual relations of these legal regulations and legal instruments for the valuable protection of the biosphere in hunting in connection with the occurrence of the disease. The subject of careful analysis was the search for manifestations of the implementation of the legal protection of wild game as a nationwide good, particularly relating to one category of wild game – wild boars, in a situation of epizootic danger.

Automatic detection of COVID-19 in chest radiographs using serially concatenated deep and handcrafted features

Since the infectious disease occurrence rate in the human community is gradually rising due to varied reasons, appropriate diagnosis and treatments are essential to control its spread. The recently discovered COVID-19 is one of the contagious diseases, which infected numerous people globally. This contagious disease is arrested by several diagnoses and handling actions. Medical image-supported diagnosis of COVID-19 infection is an approved clinical practice. This research aims to develop a new Deep Learning Method (DLM) to detect the COVID-19 infection using the chest X-ray. The proposed work implemented two methods namely, detection of COVID-19 infection using (i) a Firefly Algorithm (FA) optimized deep-features and (ii) the combined deep and machine features optimized with FA. In this work, a 5-fold cross-validation method is engaged to train and test detection methods. The performance of this system is analyzed individually resulting in the confirmation that the deep feature-based technique helps to achieve a detection accuracy of > 92% with SVM-RBF classifier and combining deep and machine features achieves > 96% accuracy with Fine KNN classifier. In the future, this technique may have potential to play a vital role in testing and validating the X-ray images collected from patients suffering from the infection diseases.

Insight of Trividha Roga Ayatana (Three Principal Causes of Diseases) Mentioned in Ayurveda

Disease is as old as mankind itself. Man has always tried to understand natural phenomena and attempted to give his own explanation to it. According to Ayurveda, disease is a state of the body and mind that gives pain and discomfort to us. The cause of disturbance of the normal balance between the mind and body can be external, Agantuka, or internal, Nija. It means that the internal environment of the body is at constant interaction with the outside world. Disorder occurs when these two are out of balance. Hence to change the internal environment, to bring it at balance with the external world, it is important to understand the process of disease occurrence within the mind and body state. Ayurveda provides extensive insight into the concept and process of disease. According to Ayurveda, the root cause of any disease is always the imbalance of tridoshas, or body humours which further manifests as imbalance in other body components inevitably leading to diseases. Three main causes are misuse of intellect (pragyapradha), misuse of senses (Asatmendriyartha samyoga), seasonal variations (parinama or kala). Key words: Ayurveda, Roga, tridosha, trividha roga ayatana, pragyapradh, asatmendriyartha samyog, parinama.

Prediction and Analysis of Paddy Crops Disease in Artificial Intelligence Techniques

The survival of human beings is generally based on the proper productivity of agriculture. The paddy plant is considered as a major planting crop in improving the economical level of our country. Nowadays, the yield level of paddy crop might be minimized due to several diseases. Bacteria, fungi, virus and certain harmful insects are the main causative agents for such disease occurrence on the paddy crop. The diseases which affect the early stage of the paddy crops influences in the whole stage of crop cultivation. In early days of agriculture, the manual detection of diseases has been carried out by farmers. Image processing is one of the emerging techniques for identifying and classifying the different types of diseases and it overcomes the issues encountered during the manual detection of diseases. Image processing technique solves several issues involved in the cultivation of crops including, recognition and classification of plant diseases, discrimination of certain weeds and disease forecasting.