scholarly journals The international anorectal physiology working group (IAPWG) recommendations: Standardized testing protocol and the London classification for disorders of anorectal function

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma V. Carrington ◽  
Henriette Heinrich ◽  
Charles H. Knowles ◽  
Mark Fox ◽  
Satish Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Testing ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Anorectal Function ◽  
Anorectal Physiology ◽  
Testing Protocol

scholarly journals Recommendations for the Protocol of functional examination of the anorectal zone and disorders classification: the International Anorectal Physiology Working Group consensus and Russian real-world practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 105-119
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Fomenko ◽  
S. V. Morozov ◽  
S. Mark Scott ◽  
H. Charles Knowles ◽  
D. A. Morozov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Anorectal Function ◽  
Anorectal Physiology ◽  
Rectal Sensation ◽  
High Resolution Manometry ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Balloon Expulsion ◽  
Function Testing

This manuscript summarizes consensus reached by the International Anorectal Physiology Working Group (IAPWG) for the performance, terminology used, and interpretation of anorectal function testing including anorectal manometry (focused on high-resolution manometry), the rectal sensory test, and the balloon expulsion test. Based on these measurements, a classification system for disorders of anorectal function is proposed. Aim to provide information about methods of diagnosis and new classification of functional anorectal disorders to a wide range of specialists general practitioners, therapists, gastroenterologists, coloproctologists all who face the manifestations of these diseases in everyday practice and determine the diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm. Current paper provides agreed statements of IAPWG Consensus and comments (in italics) of Russian experts on real-world practice, mainly on methodology of examination. These comments in no way intended to detract from the provisions agreed by the international group of experts. We hope that these comments will help to improve the quality of examination based on the systematization of local experience with the use of the methods discussed and the results obtained. Key recommendations: the International Anorectal Physiology Working Group protocol for the performance of anorectal function testing recommends a standardized sequence of maneuvers to test rectoanal reflexes, anal tone and contractility, rectoanal coordination, and rectal sensation. Major findings not seen in healthy controls defined by the classification are as follows: rectoanal areflexia, anal hypotension and hypocontractility, rectal hyposensitivity, and hypersensitivity. Minor and inconclusive findings that can be present in health and require additional information prior to diagnosis include anal hypertension and dyssynergia.

Simulated stool for assessment of anorectal physiology

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (4) ◽  
pp. G462-G468
Author(s):  
Ssu-Chi Chen ◽  
Kaori Futaba ◽  
Wing Wa Leung ◽  
Cherry Wong ◽  
Tony Mak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorectal Function ◽  
Anorectal Physiology ◽  
Motor Disorders ◽  
Dynamic Measurements ◽  
Rectal Compliance ◽  
Defecatory Function ◽  
Novel Technology ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Anorectal Diseases ◽  
Advanced Analysis

Fecal continence is maintained by several mechanisms including anatomical factors, anorectal sensation, rectal compliance, stool consistency, anal muscle strength, mobility, and psychological factors. The homeostatic balance is easily disturbed, resulting in symptoms including fecal incontinence and constipation. Current technologies for assessment of anorectal function have limitations. Overlap exist between data obtained in different patient groups, and there is lack of correlation between measurements and symptoms. This review describes a novel technology named Fecobionics for assessment of anorectal physiology. Fecobionics is a simulated stool, capable of dynamic measurements of a variety of variables during defecation in a single examination. The data facilitate novel analysis of defecatory function as well as providing the foundation for modeling studies of anorectal behavior. The advanced analysis can enhance our physiological understanding of defecation and future interdisciplinary research for unraveling defecatory function, anorectal sensory-motor disorders, and symptoms. This is a step in the direction of improved diagnosis of anorectal diseases.

Anorectal physiology validated: A repeatability study of the motor and sensory tests of anorectal function

1989 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 607-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rogers ◽  
S. Laurberg ◽  
J. J. Misiewicz ◽  
M. M. Henry ◽  
M. Swash
Keyword(s):  
Anorectal Function ◽  
Anorectal Physiology ◽  
Sensory Tests

Tu1764 Towards Refining the Anorectal Physiology Testing Protocol: Separating the Wheat From the Chaff

2016 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. S937-S938
Author(s):  
Yoav Mazor ◽  
John Kellow ◽  
Gillian Prott ◽  
Michael P. Jones ◽  
Allison Malcolm
Keyword(s):  
Anorectal Physiology ◽  
Testing Protocol

Spray Drift Reduction Evaluations of Spray Nozzles Using a Standardized Testing Protocol

2011 ◽  
pp. 249-249-12
Author(s):  
W. Clint Hoffmann ◽  
Bradley K. Fritz ◽  
Jonathan W. Thornburg ◽  
W. E. Bagley ◽  
Norman B. Birchfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Testing ◽  
Spray Drift ◽  
Testing Protocol

Tattling on the Teacher: A Study of Factors Influencing Peer Reporting of Teachers who Violate Standardized Testing Protocol

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian K. Richardson ◽  
Lawrence R. Wheeless ◽  
Cody Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Testing ◽  
Peer Reporting ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Testing Protocol

Method for Immediate Measurement of In Vitro Bond Strength of Bonded Direct Esthetic Restorations

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
Yousef Fouad Talic
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Standardized Testing ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Strength Testing ◽  
Bonding Agents ◽  
Testing Protocol ◽  
Detailed Method ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Bond Strengths

Abstract There are many different ways to measure the bond strength of direct esthetic restorations to various dental substrates. Unfortunately, most methods cannot measure bond strengths immediately after a restoration has been placed. This lack of clinically-relevant information seriously affects the clinician's ability to select and use various bonding agents and procedures. The aim of this article is to provide a very detailed method for immediate measurement of in vitro bond strengths of direct bonded esthetic restorations. It focuses on the steps that should be taken to select and prepare various tooth substrates for bond strength testing, the steps to “restore” various tooth substrates, and to measure the immediate in vitro bond strength. A fundamental understanding of a standardized testing protocol should provide clinicians with a clearer appreciation of bond strengths associated with various bonding procedures. Citation Talic YF. Method for Immediate Measurement of In Vitro Bond Strength of Bonded Direct Esthetic Restorations. J Contemp Dent Pract 2003 August;(4)3:011-023.

scholarly journals P.068 Reliability of EEG reactivity in assessment of comatose patients utilizing a standardized protocol

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (S2) ◽  
pp. S37-S37
Author(s):  
MO Al.Khateeb ◽  
T Gofton ◽  
E Al.Thenayan ◽  
D Debicki
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Standardized Testing ◽  
Important Predictor ◽  
Standardized Protocol ◽  
Testing Protocol ◽  
Eeg Reactivity ◽  
Tracheal Suctioning ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
Reliable Methods

Background: Electroencephalogram (EEG) is used in evaluating thalamocortical function in comatose patients. EEG reactivity is increasingly being recognized as a potentially important predictor of outcome in comatose patients. There are no existing guidelines or standardized testing for EEG reactivity assessment. We will report the use of a clinically implemented standardized reactivity testing protocol in comatose patients to determine accurate prognosis. Methods: In this retrospective study we report results from standardized reactivity testing from January 2016 to May 2016. Five stimuli (Calling name, clapping, nasal tickle, noxious stimulus, tracheal suctioning) were applied at one minute intervals in comatose patients of all etiologies. The EEG background reactivity will be analyzed by two independent electroencephalographers ad correlated to clinical outcome. Results: The methods for establishing EEG reactivity and the inter-rater reliability in determining EEG reactivity will be reported. Conclusions: EEG background reactivity is likely beneficial in determining prognosis. However, reliable methods for eliciting and determining EEG reactivity in comatose patients are necessary.

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