Pollination and fruit set in two rewardless slipper orchids and their hybrids ( Cypripedium , Orchidaceae): large yellow flowers outperform small white flowers in the northern tall grass prairie

Plant Biology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 997-1007
Author(s):  
M. A. Grantham ◽  
B. A. Ford ◽  
A. C. Worley
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Tall Grass ◽  
Tall Grass Prairie

Buried Viable Seeds in a North American Tall-Grass Prairie: The Resemblance of Their Abundance and Composition to Dispersing Seeds

Oikos ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Rabinowitz
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Tall Grass ◽  
Tall Grass Prairie ◽  
Viable Seeds

scholarly journals Adaptation of Tall-Grass Prairie Cultivars to West Louisiana

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Pitman
Keyword(s):  
Tall Grass ◽  
Tall Grass Prairie

INTO THE TALL-GRASS PRAIRIE

2004 ◽  
pp. 55-76
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Botkin
Keyword(s):  
Tall Grass ◽  
Tall Grass Prairie

Observing the Dynamics of Wildland Grass Fires: FireFlux—A Field Validation Experiment

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (9) ◽  
pp. 1369-1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig B. Clements ◽  
Shiyuan Zhong ◽  
Scott Goodrick ◽  
Ju Li ◽  
Brian E. Potter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fire Season ◽  
Turbulent Structures ◽  
Tall Grass ◽  
Tall Grass Prairie ◽  
Validation Experiment ◽  
Turbulence Data

Grass fires, although not as intense as forest fires, present a major threat to life and property during periods of drought in the Great Plains of the United States. Recently, major wildland grass fires in Texas burned nearly 1.6 million acres and destroyed over 730 homes and 1320 other buildings. The fires resulted in the death of 19 people, an estimated loss of 10,000 head of livestock, and more than $628 million in damage, making the 2005/06 fire season the worst on record for the state of Texas. As an aid to fire management, various models have been developed to describe fire behavior. However, these models strongly emphasize fuels and fail to adequately consider the role of convective dynamics within the atmosphere and its interaction with the fire due to the lack of observational data. To fill this gap, an intensive field measurement campaign called FireFlux was conducted during February 2006 near Houston, Texas. The campaign employed a variety of instrument platforms to collect turbulence data at multiple levels within and immediately downwind of a 155 acre tall-grass prairie burn unit. This paper presents some first-time observations of atmospheric turbulent structures/fluxes associated with intense grass fires and provides a basis to further our understanding of the dynamics of grass fires and their interactions with the atmosphere.

The FireFlux II experiment: a model-guided field experiment to improve understanding of fire–atmosphere interactions and fire spread

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig B. Clements ◽  
Adam K. Kochanski ◽  
Daisuke Seto ◽  
Braniff Davis ◽  
Christopher Camacho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Spread ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Tall Grass ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
Tall Grass Prairie ◽  
Fire Front ◽  
Air Chemistry ◽  
Atmosphere Model ◽  
Behaviour Data

The FireFlux II experiment was conducted in a tall grass prairie located in south-east Texas on 30 January 2013 under a regional burn ban and high fire danger conditions. The goal of the experiment was to better understand micrometeorological aspects of fire spread. The experimental design was guided by the use of a coupled fire–atmosphere model that predicted the fire spread in advance. Preliminary results show that after ignition, a surface pressure perturbation formed and strengthened as the fire front and plume developed, causing an increase in wind velocity at the fire front. The fire-induced winds advected hot combustion gases forward and downwind of the fire front that resulted in acceleration of air through the flame front. Overall, the experiment collected a large set of micrometeorological, air chemistry and fire behaviour data that may provide a comprehensive dataset for evaluating and testing coupled fire–atmosphere model systems.

Can Carbon and Phosphorous Amendments Increase Native Forbs in a Restoration Process? A Case Study in the Northern Tall-grass Prairie (U.S.A.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn E. Grygiel ◽  
Jack E. Norland ◽  
Mario E. Biondini
Keyword(s):  
Tall Grass ◽  
Restoration Process ◽  
Tall Grass Prairie

Landscape Structure and Change in a Hardwood Forest-Tall-Grass Prairie Ecotone

1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon C. Boren ◽  
David M. Engle ◽  
Mark S. Gregory ◽  
Ronald E. Masters ◽  
Terrence G. Bidwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Hardwood Forest ◽  
Tall Grass ◽  
Tall Grass Prairie

The structure of the flower–insect visitor system in tall-grass prairie

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. 1266-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Bizecki Robson
Keyword(s):  
Larval Habitat ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variation ◽  
Tall Grass ◽  
Visitation Rate ◽  
Tall Grass Prairie ◽  
The Core ◽  
Environmental Perturbations ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Insect Activity ◽  
Flower Visiting

Tall-grass prairie is endangered by habitat loss and fragmentation, and climate change. Flower-visiting-insect activity on two tall-grass prairie communities, one larger and more mesic than the other, was examined to determine network structure, and temporal and spatial variation. Flower-visiting insect richness and visitation rate were monitored for 2 years. Most insect-visitor taxa were Diptera, followed closely by Hymenoptera. Only 18% of insect taxa visited both communities in both years, but were responsible for 70% of all visits. The three most active insect species were Toxomerus marginatus Say, Bombus ternarius Say, and Odontomyia pubescens Day. The core plants, receiving over 67% of all visits, were Solidago canadensis L., Solidago rigida L., and Zizia aptera (Gray) Fern. Seasonal differences in insect visits were primarily due to temperature, as well as normal phenological patterns. Diptera was more abundant at one site, likely owing to differences in the quantity of nearby aquatic larval habitat. The mutualistic network of these two tall-grass prairies is significantly nested, which may make it more resilient to environmental perturbations than systems that are more compartmentalized.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance of Enterococci in American Bison (Bison bison) from a Nature Preserve Compared to That of Enterococci in Pastured Cattle

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1726-1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Anderson ◽  
Torrey D. Parrish ◽  
Mastura Akhtar ◽  
Ludek Zurek ◽  
Helmut Hirt
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Bison Bison ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Tall Grass ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance Genes ◽  
Tall Grass Prairie ◽  
Nature Preserve ◽  
Enterococcus Casseliflavus

ABSTRACT Enterococci isolated from a bison population on a native tall-grass prairie preserve in Kansas were characterized and compared to enterococci isolated from pastured cattle. The species diversity was dominated by Enterococcus casseliflavus in bison (62.4%), while Enterococcus hirae was the most common isolate from cattle (39.7%). Enterococcus faecalis was the second most common species isolated from bison (16%). In cattle, E. faecalis and Enterococcus faecium were isolated at lower percentages (3.2% and 1.6%, respectively). No resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, or high levels of vancomycin was detected from either source. Tetracycline and erythromycin resistance phenotypes, encoded by tetO and ermB, respectively, were common in cattle isolates (42.9% and 12.7%, respectively). A significant percentage of bison isolates (8% and 4%, respectively) were also resistant to these two antibiotics. The tetracycline resistance genes from both bison and cattle isolates resided on mobile genetic elements and showed a transfer frequency of 10−6 per donor, whereas erythromycin resistance was not transferable. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was found to be higher in enterococci from bison (14.4%) than in enterococci isolated from cattle (9.5%). The bison population can serve as a sentinel population for studying the spread and origin of antibiotic resistance.

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