Outcome valence and stimulus frequency affect neural responses to rewards and punishments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Glazer ◽  
Robin Nusslock
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Frequency ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Outcome Valence

scholarly journals Stimulus-frequency-dependent dominance of sound localization cues across the cochleotopic map of the inferior colliculus

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 1791-1807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Dorkoski ◽  
Kenneth E. Hancock ◽  
Gareth A. Whaley ◽  
Timothy R. Wohl ◽  
Noelle C. Stroud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Colliculus ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Sound Localization ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Stimulus Frequency ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Auditory Midbrain ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Midbrain Neurons

A “division of labor” has previously been assumed in which the directions of low- and high-frequency sound sources are thought to be encoded by neurons preferentially sensitive to low and high frequencies, respectively. Contrary to this, we found that auditory midbrain neurons encode the directions of both low- and high-frequency sounds regardless of their preferred frequencies. Neural responses were shaped by different sound localization cues depending on the stimulus spectrum—even within the same neuron.

Two Distinct Mechanisms Shape the Reliability of Neural Responses

2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 2239-2251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Schreiber ◽  
Inés Samengo ◽  
Andreas V.M. Herz
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Frequency ◽  
Intrinsic Noise ◽  
Spike Time ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Firing Regime ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Resonance Properties ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection Mechanisms ◽  
Maximum Reliability

Despite intrinsic noise sources, neurons can generate action potentials with remarkable reliability. This reliability is influenced by the characteristics of sensory or synaptic inputs, such as stimulus frequency. Here we use conductance-based models to study the frequency dependence of reliability in terms of the underlying single-cell properties. We are led to distinguish a mean-driven firing regime, where the stimulus mean is sufficient to elicit continuous firing, and a fluctuation-driven firing regime, where spikes are generated by transient stimulus fluctuations. In the mean-driven regime, the stimulus frequency that induces maximum reliability coincides with the firing rate of the cell, whereas in the fluctuation-driven regime, it is determined by the resonance properties of the subthreshold membrane potential. When the stimulus frequency does not match the optimal frequency, the two firing regimes exhibit different “symptoms” of decreased reliability: reduced spike-time precision and reduced spike probability, respectively. As a signature of stochastic resonance, reliable spike generation in the fluctuation-driven regime can benefit from intermediate amounts of noise that boost spike probability without significantly impairing spike-time precision. Our analysis supports the view that neurons are endowed with selection mechanisms that allow only certain stimulus frequencies to induce reliable spiking. By modulating the intrinsic cell properties, the nervous system can thus tune individual neurons to pick out specific input frequency bands with enhanced spike precision or spike probability.

Case-Based Ethics Education: Ethicality, Cause Complexity, and Outcome Valence

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Johnson ◽  
Zhanna Bagdasarov ◽  
Chase E. Thiel ◽  
Lauren N. Harkrider ◽  
Shane Connelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethics Education ◽  
Outcome Valence ◽  
Case Based

Stimulus frequency in continuous short-term recognition memory

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur W. Melton ◽  
Harley Bernbach ◽  
Gerald M. Reicher
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Stimulus Frequency ◽  
Short Term

Specificity of Neural Responses to Emotion

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke J. Chang ◽  
Peter J. Gianaros ◽  
Steve Manuck ◽  
Anjali Krishnan ◽  
Tor D. Wager
Keyword(s):  
Neural Responses

Neural responses to sensory action-effects: Dissociating self-agency from predictability

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Dewey ◽  
Thomas H. Carr
Keyword(s):  
Neural Responses ◽  
Action Effects ◽  
Sensory Action
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